Arterial blood pressure has been presented as an important parameter of circulatory adequacy during surgical anesthesia and critical care in dogs. Blood pressure values and pulse pressure waveforms, frequently occuring in various clinical conditions, have been discused based on the literature and the author’s own experience. Identification of hypotension or hypertension improves anesthesia control and increases safety of treated animal.

The investigations were carried on the ducklings, which were given the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in a dose of 5?g /1000g of fodder. The AFB1 administration started on the second day after birds hatching and lasted for the next two or four weeks. In the blood serum of intoxicated ducklings there were determined: the thyroxine – T4 level, the alkaline phosphatase – ALP activity, the total protein level and, after the electrophoretic separation, the content of protein fractions. It was found that the two or four week-period of AFB1 administration causes decrease of thyroxine level. However, the thyroxine level in ducklings, which were given AFB1 for two weeks, was lower than in those, which were given AFB1 longer - for four weeks. It was also shown, that AFB1 administration was accompanied by the ALP activity decrease and the decrease of protein content in blood, resulting mainly from the albumins content decrease. The obtained data confirm the high toxicity of small amounts of AFB1 in ducklings, but also indicate the possibility of change of thyroid gland hormones level in the intoxicated birds.

Histological, histochemical and ME lessions after application of cleaning preparation DOMESTOS on the skin surface were described. The experiment was performed on laboratory BALB/c mice. Signifficant differences in intensity and extent of lesions were observed between animals in receiving DOMESTOS group every day by a week. In one of them deep necrosis comprising epidermis and dermis dominate in histological picture, whiles in other only hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis of epithelium was seen. In each case epidermal lesions were correlated with edema and inflammatory infiltration of subcutaneous connective tissue. After week lasting cease of superficial DOMESTOS application, necrotic lessions disappeared but different degree of hyperkeratosis were continually present. As well edema and inflammatory lesions in subcutaneous tissue remains microscopicaly well visible.

24 pigs foetuses from 59, 77 and 97 day of pregnancy were researched. The morphological description of rugae palatine was done and their morphological measures were taken.

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of calcium on cadmium level in hens fed diet containing 20 mg cadmium as cadmium chloride and calcium as dicalcium phosphate at two doses 4,95% i 6,6% Ca /kg of feed. One-year old Hy-Line Brown hens were assigned to four groups, each of 12 birds. After 8-week exposure to cadmium hens were killed and sample of kidneys, liver, pectoral and femoral muscles, femoral bone were collected for cadmium and calcium analysis. Cadmium and calcium levels were determined after mineralization by the ICP method using atomic absorption spectroscopy (ICP). In all tissues cadmium content increased. The results showed variability in cadmium levels according to the applied calcium dosage. The highest Cd levels were found in kidneys and liver and the lowest at the muscles. The highest reductions of cadmium were observed in kidneys and the lowest in pectoral muscle: 72,81 and 23,81% respectively.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of lead acetate on the distribution of endogenic zinc and copper in the tissues and blood of rabbits. The study was carried out on healthy male and female mongrel rabbits. Lead acetate at the doses of 0,4 or 2 mg/kg b.w. was injected once intravenously. The rabbits in the control group were treated with 0,9% saline solution. On hour 72 following lead administration, the rabbits were sacrificed and the samples of liver, kidneys, brain, skeletal muscles, perirenal fat and blood were taken. The samples were mineralized dry in a muffle furnace at 450 0C. The level of zinc and copper directly and lead in the organic phase of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) were determined by the absorption atomic spectrophotometry method using Pye Unicam SP-9 counter. It has been found that the administration of lead acetate dependent on the dose applied changes the levels of zinc and copper in the examined tissues. The exposure to lead acetate at a dose of 0,4 mg/kg decreases the level of endogenic zinc and copper in the liver, kidneys and brain of rabbits. Hovewer, the administration of lead acetate at the dose of 2 mg/kg does not affect the level of zinc and copper in the tissues of rabbits.

The fermentation parameters of content of turkeys’ digestion tract were analysed. Twenty 17–22 week-old turkeys of Big-6 race were invastigated. After slaughtering the animals, a small intestine, caeca and rectum was isolated, collective samples were made from the contents of the intestines and incubated in anaerobic conditions at 40 oC. The products of in vitro fermentation (volatile fatty acids – VFA, methane, carbon dioxide, ammonium, lactic acid) and pH were measured during the experiment (at the beginning, at 4th, 6th and 24th hours of fermentation). Cecal content produced methane at the highest emission rate and the CO2:CH4 ratio was there the lowest (2,75 between the 1st and 4th hours of fermentation). The production of methane was a bit smaller in the rectal content, which influenced the CO2:CH4 ratio (5,4 at the time ditto), but the concentration of methane in the small intestine was minimal. The highest concentration of total VFA from the start to 6th hour of incubation wasobserved in the rectum (0,82–2,37 ?mol/ml of sample), lower in the content of caeca (0,63–2,07 ?mol/ml) and the lowest in the small intestine contents (0,24–1,29 ?mol/ml).The total volume and ratios of VFA produced in the digestive tract allow to establish a pattern of fermentation and give the basis for chicken-farmers and investigators to manipulate digestion processes.

The aim of the present study was the assessment of the ability of chicken lymphocytes to form the Radial Segmentation (RS) of nuclei, as well as the evaluation of the acid phosphatase activity. The lymphatic system of chickens was altered through surgical removal of lymphatic organs and lymphocytes function was stimulated by using selected antigens. The examination was carried out on the blood obtained from bursectomized, thymectomized and splenectomized 7-week-old chickens, stimulated with LPS or SRBC. The spontaneous and induced RS was evaluated and the cytochemical measurement of Fk was performed in the blood lymphocytes. It was shown that the ability to form RS and Fk activity in lymphocytes are dependent on functional defects and disturbances in cooperation of these cells which in turn are the result of disabled interaction of the lymphatic organs and defective condition of immune system at the time of immunization.

The influence of dietary Linola oil (low ?-linolenic linseed oil) compared with lard (suturated fatty acids) on serum and tissues lipid concentration and hormones level was evaluated in rats over a period of 3 weeks. Linola oil reduced serum FFA (P?0.05) and total-, free-,and esterified cholesterol. The rats fed Linola oil rich in 18:2n-6 demonstrated elevation serum insulin and T3 level with simultaneously decreased liver and muscle triglycerids. The results showed beneficial influence of Linola oil toward protective action against some metabolic disorders.

In the present study we explored the effect of sinigrin after one and two weeks treatment on lipid metabolism and changes of plasma thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4, fT3, fT4). The experiment was conducted in vivo on 32 male Wistar rats with an initial body weight of 140 ? 5g. The animals were divided into 4 groups (n=8) and were maintained under standard conditions. Sinigrin was given during one and two weeks. The animals from two control groups were given water intragastrically in dose 1ml?100g–1 body weight. The sinigrin was dissolved in water and was given in dose 2mg?100g–1 body weight by oral administration during one and two weeks. Body weights of the individual rats were recorded every two days. After appropriate time the animals were decapitated and their serum and liver were collected for analysis. The serum was used for the estimation of plasma thyroid hormones levels, free fatty acids, triglyceride, phospholipids, total, free and esterified cholesterol contents. This experiment has shown that when sinigrin was given to rats in that dose 2 mg?100g–1 b.w. it was a material factor interfering with lipid metabolism. It pertained to influence of sinigrin only after two weeks treatment. Sinigrin administration increased significantly free fatty acids, total cholesterol and estrificated cholesterol concentration. On the contrary the level of triglycerides was decreased considerably. These changes were not significant at group of animals being fed of sinigrin during one week but in this group of rats the considerable increase of T3 was noticed in serum in comparison with control group.

Insulin participation in regulation of organism growth function was undoubtedly proven during the last several years. Many evidences suggest that its crucial role in development appear in very early stage of embryo maturity. Our works aim was to investigate the changes of the insulin receptor kinetics in rabbit fetus livers during the last week of gestation. Dissociation rates constants (KD) and binding capacities (Bmax) for insulin on the isolated liver membrane fractions were determined. The maximal specific binding was observed between the days 25 and 28 of gestation. HAIR’s maximal binding was observed in days 25–26 and 29–30 of pregnancy. Maximal binding of the LAIR occurred earlier-between the 23rd and 26th day. The obtained results show insulin receptor activity increase parallel to the embryo weight raising during the period of intensive cell proliferation.

The aim of the work is the analysis of tensometric loads taking place in the bone-stabilizer system during a 14-week observation of tibial bone healing in sheep treated with the `ZESPOL` method. All variants of the ZESPOL osteosynthesis (compressive, neutralising, contact and bridging) have been evaluated, and in the case of one sheep the stabilizer was placed in an uninjured bone which was treated as so called `blind trial`. In all the cases the stabilizer was put in the medial part of the tibial bone with a distance of 15mm from the bone made by P-6-58 plate. The follow-up examination was carried out with the use of the measuring system consisted of: the ZESPOL plate with the system of folic tensometres stuck to it, a 4-canal tensometric intensifier and a computer set with the analoque-digital card installed. The data were written on the disk and then processed by the PLATE program.

Alloxan and streptozotocin (STZ) are widely used to induce experimental diabetes in animals through destruction of beta-cells of the pancreatic islets. In addition, alloxan cytotoxic activity may affect many other types of cells leading to damage of some internal organs. However, there is lack of information about the direct effect of STZ. This experiment was undertaken to compare the effect of alloxan and STZ action on the basis of selected metabolic parameters (glucose, free fatty acids, triglycerides, and ?-amino nitrogen), insulin concentration and activity of some enzymes in blood serum in rats. 75 mg/kg b.w. of alloxan or STZ were administrated intravenously. Rats were sacrificed 30 min after injection and their blood serum was sampled for analysis. Changes in the analysed parameters after alloxan and STZ treatment were not identical. Alloxan evoked a dramatic rise in blood glucose, increased activity of gluthatione peroxidase and diminished AlAT/AspAt ratio, while STZ did not reveal such effects. These results indicate that STZ seems to be more selective agent inducing experimental diabetes because, contrary to alloxan, does not reveal cytotoxic influence on the other tissues, especially on liver cells.

One of the most important elements of homeostasis regulation is keeping a constant level of glucose in the blood. Concentration of this carbohydrate is regulated by a few different factors, mainly by insulin. However, the last research indicates the important role of another factors, too. In this article we present results of the experiments with using glucagon-like peptide-1, a peptide secreted and released from lower intestine cells, called L-cells. Experiments were provided on 48, male Wistar rats, weighting about 200 g. The in situ pancreas perfusion method was used in these research. Rats were divided into 8-rats groups, and pancreases were perfused with buffer containing 3 different glucose levels (0; 6.66 and 25 mmol/l) and GLP-1 (100 pmol/l). The results shows the corelations between glucose and insulin levels in the bloob after the stimulation of GLP-1. In the case of no glucose in the basic medium, there was very low level of insulin in the perfuzates. When 25 mmol/l glucose was added we could not conclude anything about GLP-1 stimulation, cause of too strong stimulation by very high glucose concentration. The most markedly observed insulin output was at 6.66 mmol/l.

A case of surgical treatment alone of canine thyroid adenocarcinoma is reported and discussed. A seven years old dog was operated due to thyroid neoplasma. The dog had radiographic evidence of metastasis at the time of surgery. The survival time was five months.