The aim of the study is to evaluate the presence of bacteria in material collected from catheter lumen in dialyzed sheep as a preliminary study. Five permanent catheters were inserted into the external jugular vein of five sheep. Every 10 days during two months the 1250 j.m./ml heparin from catheters was collected to examination. The 30 microbiological analyses were carried out to define the total number of bacteria, Echerichia coli and coliform bacteria. The microorganisms were isolated from 50% samples but only one of the 30 samples contained coliform bacteria. The dialysis catheters are a common cause of infections in hemodialysis patients. The results demonstrated the possibility of catheter-related bacteremia in animals with hemodialysis catheters.

Due to noninvasive and inexpensive method of isolation, IgY antibodies extracted from chicken egg yolks represent an attractive alternative to widely used mammalian IgG antibodies. Avian IgYs are considered as valuable diagnostic tools since they lack reactivity with rheumatoid factor and human complement, which significantly reduces the number of false positive results often obtained in IgG-based serological assays. The aim of this study was to generate IgY antibodies that specifically recognize selected epitope of Efb protein produced exclusively by Staphylococcus aureus species. The selected epitope spanning residues 145–162 conjugated to KLH carrier protein was found as an efficient antigen allowing to generate peptide-specific IgY antibodies of high titer (5 µg/ml), high isolation yield (120 mg per egg yolk) and purity (85–95%). Developed Efb epitope-specific IgYs could potentially serve as an interesting diagnostic agent for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus infections.

The study was conducted on 117 pig fetuses coming from different stages of pregnancy. Morphological analysis proved that most irregular shape took the left tracheobronchial lymph nodes. It has been found an increase of lymph nodes number in the lymph centers, which is partly related to the phenomenon of lymph nodes ‘separation’. Microscopic and immunohistochemical examination allowed to trace the gradual formation of the histological structures and confirmed the presence of T and B lymphocytes since the 60th day of pregnancy, wherein the number of T cells increased between 82nd and 103th day of gestation.