Acidosis is a metabolic disease appear very frequently in ruminants. It cause huge economic loss in breeding. Account for acidosis is wrong feeding causing disturbances in rumen bacterial fermentation and homeostasis. Effect to intensive bacterial fermentation is producing huge amounts lactic acid. In acute acidosis observe in ruminants craving loss, rumen atony and changes in animals behavior. At first the animal becomes exiting, very often lie. In subacute acidosis observe lower food intake, body loss and loss animal production. The acidosis treatment consist on good balance alimentary dose and alkalization rumen fluid.

The aim of this study was polar fox estimation of state of health on 10 farms located in Koszalin area. State of animal health was estimated based on clinical investigations. Samples for bacteriological investigations were collected in January and February before reproduction season. There were smears of vagina from females and smears from the male foreskin sac. For the titer evaluation of antibodies, from September till October blood was collected from the female under-arm foremost vein – v. cephalica antebrachi. The titer of antibodies against parvovirus was done using inhibition hemagglutination test at the National Veterinary Institute in Puławy. Dung for parasitological investigations was collected in July and in December at the time of slaughtering for pelts. The investigations were done using flotation sedimentation method. Presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa), Streptococcus sp., E. coli) chlamydia, fungi Cryptococcaceae as weel as parasites: Toxocara canis, Toxocara leonina, Uncinaria stenocephala, Taenia sp., Echinococcus perfoliatus. Serological investigations showed, that in 38% samples presence of antibodies against parvovirus, while the titer of antibodies ranged from 20 to <1280.

The breed of Hucul horses represents a variety of mountain horses, which originates from the East Carpathian Mountains. It is one of the oldest primitive breeds described in Poland. Hucul horses are of insignificant height. They are characterized by a strong and sturdy constitution, lively temperament, high vitality, calm temper and high fertility. They are known for their longevity, as they may live up to approx. thirty five years. These horses represent the multipurpose type and are used first of all in mountain tourism and hippotherapy.

It is known that contact of a solution hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) with open living tissues or with tissue fluid, for example, after a skin injury causes a violent reaction with the release of large amounts of oxygen that produces large amounts of foam. It is a fact that the hooves of horses, cattle, pigs and other species of mammal (also human nails) are an extremely strong material and have a strong mechanical junction with the sur-rounding tissues. The junction between the hard claw and the soft tissues of a digit in the region of the perioplic segment (limbus) and the dorsal border (margo) is a delicate living stratum. A 3% solution of H₂O₂ was used externally on the healthy hooves of varying species of mammal as a means of measuring the sensitivity of the dermo-epidermal tissue. External positive reactions as seen by the formation of foam after addition of this solution of hydrogen peroxide to the healthy digits of horses, cattle and man are presented in the photographs. These reactions confirm the delicate nature of these living junctions in quoted places only. The junction of hoof and soft tissue is very strong physically but it appears to be quite weak biologically (as a halve open tissue - sensible on H₂O₂) and may act as a potential route of infection for various microorganisms, which can cause lameness and thus become a large problem on cattle farms. This weak biological junction in healthy claws may have an important role in the etiology of inflammation in this anatomical region as well as in the development of digital dermatitis in cattle, especially on farms where environmental, nutritional, technical and hygienic conditions are poor.

Abstrakt. Diagnostic monitoring in herds of cows is of great importance in maintaining an acceptable level of health and productivity in the cows and their progeny. It is one of the important elements of farm assurance and is necessary to demonstrate health and welfare in livestock. The aim of the study was to compare the values of selected blood parameters in four groups (breeds) of clinically healthy cows. The materials consisted of 42 lactating cows (Holstein Friesian group I – 17 dairy cows, Hereford group II – 10 beef cows, Simmental group III – 8 beef cows, Limousine group IV – 7 beef cows. Various selected blood parameters were included in the study (total protein, albumin, creatinine, cholesterol, GOT, GPT, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), inorganic phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and chloride (Cl). Significant differences were noted in total protein, albumin, chloride, sodium, GOT and calcium between the tested groups of cows. Detailed data and differences are presented in the paper.

Grass pea seeds (Lathyrus sativus L.) can be an alternative protein source for calf feeding, however the content of antinutritional factors (ANFs) limits their use in the raw form, because they decrease enzymatic digestion in the intestine. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding row (RGPSM) and extruded (EGPSM) grass pea seeds meal on pancreatic juice (PJ) secretion in the calf. Experiments were conducted on 6 calves that were fitted with a pancreatic duct catheter and a duodenal cannula. During 2 weeks calves were fed milk and a semiliquid diet consisting of a mixture of milk and standard formula CL (control group), RGPSM formula (row grass pea) and EGPSM formula (extruded grass pea). PJ volume, protein content, proteolytic enzymes and amylase activity were analyzed. Feeding calves with the RGPSM formula increased the PJ volume, protein content, proteolytic enzymes and amylase activity, thus feeding the EGPSM formula increased the amount of proteolytic enzymes, other than trypsin. This suggests the inactivation of the majority of ANFs during the extrusion process and the lack of negative effects on the pancreas after EGPSM formula feeding in the calf.