This article analyses the changes in agricultural land prices in the province of Malopolska before and after Polish accession to the European Union. It shows how the changing prices of private agricultural land and the growth in transaction prices reflect the financial support that the Polish agriculture has received from the European Community. Price data for private agricultural land (depending on soil quality) in Malopolska is compared to the average prices in Poland. The analysis shows that the market in Malopolska has maintained a steady growth trend in prices, which stands in contrast to the situation in other Polish regions where the agricultural land prices fell or remained at similar levels following EU integration or increased, depending on the natural and economic conditions of the region.

This paper deals with the structure transformation of cultural landscapes. The authors trace the demand for functionally different spaces and changes in the urban landscape using cartographic analysis of historical documents and literature sources. The functional and physiognomic structures of an urbanized area are particularly closely linked, but often treated as separate items of activities of planners and urban planners. This article is a summary of such approach including actions which have an ultimate effect on forming spaces in our cities. The study was carried out in Dobre Miasto, a city situated in the province of Warmia and Mazury.

Metropolitan areas are very complex and interesting phenomenon in the modern world. Their development is often a driving force for entire regions and often the entire country. These concentrations of population are accompanied by concentrations of business and capital. After crossing a border area which is unique for each urban agglomeration, the benefits associated with a high population concentration decline and there are increasing problems which are often without a solution. After analysing the experience of other countries, optimal boundaries should be defined for each development urban area. The issue of urban areas should be particularly carefully and thoroughly monitored for sustainable development. The basic research problem is the selection of appropriate and optimal research methods. The authors argue that one source of information for taking appropriate decisions could be an analysis of the real estate market. The data obtained in this way appear to be reliable and burdened with relatively small error. The paper shows a methodology for determining urban boundaries, mainly based on the analysis of agricultural land in metropolitan areas and beyond their borders, as well as a fundamental analysis of the market residential and commercial properties. Unfavourable changes in the environment can also be estimated by analyzing the various attributes and components of the real estate market.

There is no single unified European agriculture area or identical rural areas, but there are a number of such areas with considerable diversity existing between countries and regions. It is the goal of structural policy to support the restructuring and modernisation of economies in the EU countries, eliminating differences in the levels of socioeconomic development between regions. Many actions have been initiated in the member states with the aim of supporting the development of rural areas. The aim of this paper is to present the differences between implementation of three activities aimed at supporting the development of rural areas in EU countries, with Poland and the Czech Republic as examples. This paper analyses 3 basic supportive actions, which include: direct farming subsidies, giving young farmers a head start and modernisation of farms. The amount of assistance for such actions in Poland and in the Czech Republic has been determined. The amount of assistance (converted into euros) and the principles of granting assistance are compared.

This paper discusses the issue of spatial conditions which affect crisis management. The typology of events which pose threats has been analysed, as have been the main data, which are necessary to evaluate and assess such threats. The analysis results have been applied in the form of a map of threats to transport routes, where there is a risk of snow being blown onto the roads. It takes into account the spatial conditions prevalent in the area, which favour the specific situation. The map has been developed with the use of available sources of information, such as Geoportal, the system of spatial information on forests and AutoCad software.

The historical conditions in Poland resulting from the geographical location between two powers fighting against each other in the past (Russia and Germany) left a permanent trace in the cadastre documentation for the lands of former partitions. This is particularly visible in the areas of the former Prussian partition and the former Austrian partition where one can still find, apart from the documentation of the present systems, also documents of the former cadastre systems. Data from these systems is currently used quite often in various geodetic works and legal issues, including for the needs of contemporary systems (EGiB) as well as land and mortgage registers (KW). In this paper, an attempt is made at verifying the criterion of balancing spatial data (space) based on the example of randomly-chosen equivalents prepared for cadastral objects of the record units of Krowodrza and Nowa Huta in Krakow. The scope of the analysis mainly covers equivalents for the transformation from the Austrian system of land tax to the system of land and building register (EGiB) maintained in "large" precincts or in modernised technology as well as for relations that entail the shift from a system (EGiB) kept in "small" or "large" precincts to the system kept following the modernisation process. The research is aimed at demonstrating the discrepancy between the adopted criterion of equivalency at the level of 10% of the difference in space and the corresponding difference in the value of lands, depending on the function of the area.

In Poland, housing cooperatives are among major players that manage residential real estate resources. Housing cooperatives comprise ca 3.17 million flats, a number that corresponds to over 24% of all housing units in Poland. Housing cooperatives are obliged to manage the real estate that they own or that belongs to their members. Managing residential real estate is a complex process, which involves such areas as the use and technical service of the resources, maintenance of their adequate technical condition, provision of services and managing the finances. When the whole process is run effectively, the exploitation and maintenance costs can be likewise effectively controlled. Regular monitoring of cash flows enables managers to determine their levels, identify the structure and analyse the costs incurred. A housing cooperative is, in fact, a non-profit organization, which has a strong influence on how its income is shaped.

Elaboration of a method to evaluate the state of the spatial harmony of a multifamily building was a main aim of this study. Firstly, based on the literature of the subject, binding legal regulations and own considerations, 34 elements of spaces were selected which have an influence on the formation of spatial harmony in a multi-family building. On the basis of results of the study, the previously-developed list of spatial elements was restricted to ten and, in a further part, they were used as indicators of the evaluation of the state of the spatial harmony. Within the framework of the following stage, for indicators of the evaluation of the state of the spatial harmony, their measures were worked out and the procedures for carrying out the evaluation were regulated. The method was applied to a chosen example the settlement of Kosciuszko, located in the town of Ostrów Mazowiecki (in the north-eastern part of the Masovian voivodship). In order to gain more exact findings, the analyzed area was divided into seven sectors. On the basis of the results of the evaluation, the spatial harmony of the evaluated area was defined.

The wintertime in Poland lasts for a long period of time so there is a significant need to keep planting evergreens. One of the most important groups among the plants growing in cities are coniferous and deciduous evergreen shrubs. Deciduous evergreen shrubs keep their leaves all-year-long, therefore they are a fixed element in parks and gardens. It is also important that some of them make decorative flowers and fruit. Unfortunately, they are demanding plants. There are only a few species that grow well in the Polish climate and tolerate severe winter frost. This includes, in particular, the colder areas of eastern Poland. For this reason, in the green areas of the cities it is optimal to plant trees and shrubs that are best-tailored to real natural conditions. It will allow them to grow healthily and look their best for years to come. The research on deciduous evergreen shrubs conducted in Lublin, which involved an analysis of the composition of the species, their status and condition revealed that in addition to the plants recommended in the selection of species in green areas of Lublin, it is possible to plant at least 5 other species. This indicates the possibility of extending http://pl.pons.eu/angielski-polski/ofthe list of deciduous evergreen shrub species for the green areas of Lublin.