The study focuses on how land use in the selected location affects the amount of phosphorus in the watershed. Defines the basic concepts of this and related issues. The monitored value is total phosphorus and description of the measuring apparatus. The resulting data are arranged in tables and graphs and results are compared with standards of Czech norms (CSN) and other similar studies.

The historic manor park in Kijany, Spiczyn commune (Lubelskie voivodeship) already existed in the seventeenth century as a regular garden, and in the second half of nineteenth century was transformed into the landscape. The property has a rich history and deserves protection. A detailed inventory dendroflora showed that part of the park grows around the palace 299 woody plants belonging to 23 species, with a predominance of Fraxinus excelsior L., Tilia cordata Mill., Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Acer pseudoplatanus L. The greatest advantage of the object are old specimens of trees – 14 copies in age from 66 to 131 years, including seven trees with circumferences monumental. Today, the park is a gradual naturalization, loses its original spatial arrangement and requires restoration.

The subject of dendrological inventory and the state of preservation of historical lime avenue situated in Dratów, Ludwin municipality, Łęczna county, lubelskie voivodship. The avenue is the former access road to the Eastern Orthodox Church dedicated to saint Nicholas, which was built in the year 1889 in Byzantine-Ruthenian style. In 2013 in the territory around the church and access avenue 42 trees in total were marked: Tilia cordata Mill. (31 pcs), Robinia pseudoacacia L. (5), Acer platanoides L. (4) and one by one Fraxinus excelsior L. and Salix alba L.

The aim of the study is to characterize herb layer and their aesthetic, historical and ecological roles in historical parks The article presents the management of the vegetation throughout history, taking into account age, ie. Antiquity, the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque, XVII, XVIII, XIX and XX centuries. The paper presents also indications for development and maintenance herb layer in parks.

The use of Plastics as a material for the construction of a plant has forced the need to verify currently available information regarding the value of the resistance coefficients. They are the necessary knowledge needed for calculating the mechanical energy losses that arise in the flow. These coefficients are important in the calculation of hydraulic dimensioned of installation. They affect the final result in a significant manner, because their incorrect chosen can lead to serious consequences of errors. Unfortunately, the values supplied by the manufacturers, standards or other literature are compared with the values obtained by experimental tests. The article presents the results of experimental studies designed to determine the values of coefficients these in elbows 90° in three specific diameters derived from the four selected systems manufacturers. The resulting was compared with the values that are given by the manufacturer, designated according to PN-76-M-34034 norm and available in the literature.

The truss of the Roman Catholic Church of the Holiest Christ’s Body was managed to date to the year 1409. It represents one of the few well-preserved medieval structures in this region. The sharp roof above the nave has a typical rafter collar-beam construction with longitudinal stiffening truss. The geometrical analysis of the main roof truss as well as the central longitudinal truss is based on logical dependencies and a description of a process in the truss design, pointing to evaluative relations resulting especially from the Pythagorean Geometry. Consequently, a spatial numerical model of the roof structure was developed in order to perform a static analysis of the roof structure in accordance with present standards. Due to the fact that during the diagnostic survey there were noted some missing structural elements in the roof construction (angle braces), in further analysis, an attention was paid to the importance of the selected structural elements and their role in the construction of the truss itself.

Nowadays, flooding in the urbanized areas gets more of a problem. Taking this into consideration, there should be more weight put on the correct calculation of flow capacity. One of the factors affecting it is the hydraulic conditions at the outlet. In the case of seaside streams it depends strictly on the level of the sea. The paper attempts to designate the impact of sea level rise on the course of swellings in seaside surface water streams. For this purpose the numerical analysis of water flow were made for stream Strzyża in Gdańsk, where the receiver is Martwa Wisła, where the water level is equal to the level of the sea. The calculations were performed on a numerical model based on the de Saint-Venant equations, solved using the finite difference method (McCormack scheme). The analysis was performed for two flood waves of exceeding probability 1 and 10%, and average flow in stream. For each variant two Manning roughness factors were adopted. The results obtained are shown in the form of profiles of maximum water levels in the creek and the summary of the range of impact of sea level. Summing performed calculations, it turned out that the impact of the sea depends directly on the level of water in the creek. Much greater impact on the calculations have flow values. This is crucial information in determining the level of significance of the analyzed problem. This work may be a prelude to a more detailed diagnosis of the phenomenon.

This paper is aimed to assess the impact of climate change on water regime of wetland in the area of Poiplie Ramsar site. To simulate the climate change the CGCM3.1 global model (SRES A2 pessimistic scenario and SRES B1 optimistic scenario) and KNMI and MPI regional models were selected as the most appropriate. For the 20-year reference period the years 1977–1996 was chosen, which is within the evaluation compared with the 20-year time horizons 2020, 2050 and 2080. Simulation of soil water regime was carried out using the GLOBAL model. Within the soil water regime evaluation actual evapotranspiration was evaluated in this paper. Actual evapotranspiration has in the future in the studied area also increasing course over the reference period, while the SRES A2 pessimistic scenario expected the increase of 24%, KNMI regional model the increase of 21% and SRES B1 optimistic scenario and MPI regional model the increase of 19%. The development of actual evapotranspiration is derived from the predicted increase in air temperature and precipitation. On the base of these results the ongoing climate change does not cause dramatic changes in Poiplie Ramsar site, thereby this unique wetland ecosystem should be preserved in the future.

Industrial activity has a direct impact on the environment. Such example is the influence of groundwater well on the hydrogeological conditions. The aim of this paper is description of multi­criteria evaluation of different variants of underground well location. Water from the proposed well will supply sewage treatment plants in Częstochowa, for technological purposes. For the design of appropriate water well­analytical calculations were conducted, among others; radius and depth of the depression cone, isochromatic lines­25 years and guidelines for the design of the well. Subsequently charts of groundwater surface during the interaction with the well were made. The result of the above mentioned calculations was to determine the size of the depression cone for approx. 4 m with depth of 0.32 m. An important result was the selection of theoption to build two groundwater wells in the immediate vicinity of the target buildings to provide water. Performed analysis confirms the possibility of using multi­criteria analysis in the process of making quick and optimal decisions for large areas where there are many factors affecting the performance of a groundwater well.

Evaluation of influence of the Coal Mine “Ruch-Borynia” exploitation activity on water management of chosen soils on mine area was carried out in the work. Within examined area five soil openings with morphological description were carried out and samples were taken. In laboratory texture and basic physical and chemical properties were determined using standard soil-science methods. For determination of areas of water management types occurrence, there were carried out: cross sections regarding primary relief, settlement ordinates and ordinates of groundwater level. Analysis of field and laboratory investigations, sections and map of soil water management allowed to state that on the investigated area occurs ground-water waterlogging. Apart from surface subsidence, mean heavy texture of soil caused hydrological degradation as well. Waterlogging forced change of ground use structure and change of basic soil utility from cereal into cerealpasture, more seldom pasture and change from dry cereal-pasture complexes into the humid one. In a case of grasslands increased waterlogging causes limitation of pasture use of soil and increase meadow use.

Land consolidation projects in the Slovak Republic have reached the state where there is sufficient sample of valuable information (planimetric and hypsographic measurements, updated maps of estimated pedologic-ecological units, concepts of local territorial system of ecological stability, plans for the general principles of functional organization of the territory, etc.) for society. The contribution points out need to create a uniform public or archiving information system (database), which is incurred in landscape planning activities in model areas. By now several information systems created in Slovakia are not connected one to another and thus cannot be further use. The article pointed out the procedures leading to the processing of a unified information system that collects and archives the outputs of landscaping activities in the area. This is dedicated to the administrators, system users and use cases of the unified system. Therefore we emphasized the importance of system deployment defined for different users. Next step is to describe the input to the elaboration of a comprehensive database. The system is demonstrated on the basis of data obtained from land consolidation projects. Subsequently, we present all computed graphical information by publishing on the local console of OpenGeoSuite environment.

The article gives the results of numerical simulation of flood wave routing though an urban riverbed for preliminary evaluation of capacity of its section exposed to strong anthropogenic impact. As a study area the Sudoł Dominikański stream (called also Rozrywka) in the area of Krakow was chosen. The numerical calculations were performed basing on 1-D unsteady flow model built using the MIKE 11 by DHI program. In the model the objects of engineering constructions were included such as: bridges, culverts, piped section and the potential floodplain areas. Due to lack of a gauge stations, the hypothetical waves built basing on the rainfall-runoff model were used as a boundary conditions.

The aim of this work was determination of dynamics of akrotelm layer on the peat-bog Baligówka in the Orwsko-Nowotarska Valley. This object both in the past and at present undergoes strong pressure as a result drainage, exploitation and fires. Investigations were carried out by use of the dendrological method according to Korczagin [1960] and Piczugin [1967] showed that in spite of strong anthropopressure, development of all the organic layer as well as peat is characterized by mean yearly dynamics of growth. Comparison of results obtained on this object with the ones investigated in this region shows strong influence of hydrological conditions on dynamics of akrotelm layer development. The raised peat-bog Baligówka is highly dried object and similarly as the peat-bog Bór za Lasem is characterized by the lowest growth of the akrotelm layer, amounting 3,78 mm in year.

The water reservoir Świnna-Poręba on the Skawa river soon will be finished. It`s building durated near three decade. Aboud nced building of the water reservoir in this place was convinced prof. G. Narutowicz at the beginning XX age. He prepared conception of this reservoir, which only in little grade is changed.

Damming the Oder river in Brzeg Dolny caused the change of character of the river in relation to the adjacent areas. Lowering of water levels in the river and as a result of groundwater is a consequence of increased linear and local erosion process, which is still below the barrage. In this area the river drained the adjacent areas. This paper presents the evaluation of the development and trends of groundwater depths in the Oder valley below the dam in Brzeg Dolny. For the purposes of this study the area of the Oder valley was divided into two zones, depending on the dominance of the factors influencing on the level of the groundwater. The paper presents the minimum, maximum and average values of groundwater depths for selected measurement points in the following years with the division into two zones. The analysis were done on the background of climatic, hydrographic and hydrogeological conditions and water levels in the Oder river in the Brzeg Dolny and Malczyce sections. The conducted analysis showed significant changes of the ground water depths in the Oder valley over the 42 years. It was shown a connection between the depth of the groundwater and distance from the Oder river bed.

Discussion in this paper concerns the elevation of water surface along Warsaw’s Vistula River section on the base of field measurements. They have allowed to create a model of this section of river for steady flow in HEC-RAS software (version 4.0.1), whereby simulations were performed for different flow conditions. On the basis of simulations’ results an attempt to determine the significance of Reef in Żoliborz for the downtown section of the Vistula River in Warsaw was made. The analysis showed that it is an important element in the longitudinal profile of the river and impacts water surface level along Warsaw’s Vistula River.

The article presents the result of investigations on length of hydraulic jump. Experiments were conducted on model of the weir with the outflow under the closure and with stilling basin, with additionally inserted baffle blocks in two different case settings. The length of the hydraulic jump was determined based on flow velocity measurements in the stilling basin. The measured lengths of hydraulic jump were compared with the other authors formulas and equations recommended for use in design practice. Obtained results demonstrated a large discrepancy in the length of the hydraulic jump calculated based on authors formulas or practical equations with comparison to measured ones. Experiments showed that the use of baffle blocks on the model, arranged in one row, has reduced the length of the hydraulic jump of 7–9%, and two rows of 15–19%. Practical benefit in the design of structures is possibility to shorten the stilling basin.

In the presented paper the analysis of uncertainty in assessment of annual sediment inflows to the Stare Miasto reservoir is presented. The reservoir is chosen because of its specific structure. It is two-stage reservoir. The upper part of the reservoir is separated from the main part by small upper dam with sluice gate. Upper part is smaller and plays a role of so called pre-dam reservoir designed to collect sediments. In this part the conditions for deposition of sediments are very good, what prevents from sedimentation of the main part. In the research the several data are used. These include reservoir bathymetry, hydraulic structures documentation, hydrologic data and water heads in the main dam. In the analyses the empirical formulae for sediment transport are implemented. The formulae used are Ackersa-White, MPM, van Rijn, Engelund-Hansen, Yang, Toffalet and WilcockCrow. The computations are verified on the basis of current bathymetry measurements and estimated real sediment deposition. The obtained results vary significantly, what indicated importance of the structural uncertainty in analysis of reservoir sedimentation.

The study discusses the development of a montane river channel under anthropopression. Cartographic analysis and examination of historical records provided basis for reconstruction of the course and pattern of the submontane Skawa river channel in the 18^th and 19^th century, when the area was only slightly affected by anthropopression. Review of technical literature enabled identification of the main periods of river rectification, resulting in disappearance of the multiple channel. Present day geomorphological mapping indicated sites of reappearance of wandering channels, overlapping areas in which they functioned in the 19^th century. Transformation of the Skawa river channel from multiple to single is a consequence of long-term hydrotechnical works.

During the high flows of Skawa River in May 2014, the channel embankments has been damaged. As a result of that unprompted restoration, the straight channel pattern has been transformed into natural, braided pattern. Initial forms of new braided Skawa River channel pattern has been identified by morphometric measurements of channel forms occurring in this section of river. Morphometric measurements were also supplemented by researches of alluvial deposits including the grain size and orientation.

For hydropower generation in northern regions, the annual occurrence of river ice presents various problems of operation and management. The existence of ice can lead to a substantial loss in power production. This loss in power due to the presence of ice cover, however, can be mineralized with appropriate ice control operations. Frazil ice in water reservoirs may accumulate or can completely block the trash rack and rapidly and unexpectedly shut down the intake facility. Due to existence of solid ice cover, water is isolated from meteorological condition and frazil ice is not produced. This paper discuss possible operations on Włocławek reservoir leading to ice cover progression. Calibrated, two dimensional mathematical model DynaRICE was used for the simulations.