The possibility of use wheat straw and potato stalks for ethanol production in this study was evaluated. The best results were obtained after applying the associated impact of ACCELLERASE ^® 1500 and ACCELLERASE ^® XC or ACCELLERASE ^® 1500 and ACCELLERASE ^® BG. Better raw material turned out to be potato stalks. Ethanol yield from potato stalks oscillated in the range 63.33 to 73.87 dm³ per 1 ton of dry matter of raw material.

Food allergies affects from 4 to 6% of consumers. The most common allergycausing factors in food are allergic proteins, among which an important group are the socalled pathogenesis-related proteins (PR proteins). These proteins are commonly found in plants and they are involved in defensive responses induced in plants by the parasites attack or abiotic stress. This paper describes allergens occurring in fruits and vegetables, belonging to pathogenesis-related proteins. Brief description of these PR proteins, which include proteins identified as food allergens. Also the phenomenon of allergen cross-reactivity between homologous food allergens and allergens present in pollen has been presented.

Archaea are very complex and thus an extremely interesting group of microorganisms, both in terms of their abilities to colonize different environments, including extreme conditions, as well as due to the specific structure of cellular components. In recent years, a large development of knowledge about those organisms was observed, what results in the appearance of a huge pool of more or less detailed publications. However, Polish literature lacks the reviews wider endearing structure and physiology of those organisms. The present work complements that gap by discussing selected elements of Archaea cells of unique structure or functions, such as the S layer, the cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane and a variety of cellular appendages. In addition, some of the remarkable aspects of the archaebacteria metabolism were brought up.