A certain analysis of free vibration frequencies of a plate band with a smooth and a slow gradation of properties on the macro-level is made in this article. These plate bands have a tolerance-periodic structure on the micro-level. Hence, it can be shown that for such objects the effect of the microstructure size plays a crucial role in dynamic problems, cf. Jędrysiak [2009], Kaźmierczak and Jędrysiak [2011]. In order to describe this effect the tolerance model of these bands is applied in this paper. Moreover to evaluate obtained results the asymptotic model is used. Fundamental free vibrations frequencies of the plate band, using the Ritz method are calculated using these models. Higher free vibrations frequencies are also obtained in the framework of the tolerance model. Moreover the effect of differences of Young’s modulus and of mass densities in the cell on the microlevel is shown.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of experimental and theoretical deflections of simply supported beams reinforced with BFRP rebar (Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymers). The tested BFRC model beams have been made of concrete class C30/37 and of bottom flexural basalt bars 8 mm in diameter. The reference RC beams with bottom traditional steel reinforcement have been made of the same diameter additionally. During the investigation there were registered beam deflections, concrete width cracks and strength capacity of BFRP reinforced beams diameter with the characteristic identified in strength tests in tension. It has been shown that much lesser cross-sectional stiffness of basalt BFRP bars produces higher deflections and crack widths compared to the beams reinforced with steel bars of the same cross-section.

The Department of Building Structures Bialystok University of Technology conducts scientific research to clarify the possibility of partial or total replacement of stirrups by steel fibers. Research was carried for reinforced concrete beams with one or two spans. There were investigated three series A models single-span reinforced concrete beams made with steel fiber content of 1.5% (by volume) and differentiated steel stirrups spacing on both sides of the beam. Failure mode by shear was achieved almost in all the beams. The results showed increased of shear capacity of fiber reinforcement concrete beams up to 50% compared to the beams without fibers. The next series B had fifteen two-spans reinforced concrete beams with the addition of steel fibers. Designed the same tensile reinforcement, stirrups in a varied spacing and steel fibers in an amount by volume of 0, 1.0, 1.5%. Research of model reinforced concrete beams with mixed reinforcement showed an increase in the shear capacity of all the test series. Maximum capacity increase of 100.7% occurred for beams of series B1,5-50/0. Steel fibers improve the load capacity, crack resistance and reduce deflection. The addition of fibers changes the nature of the behavior of the structure in the quasi-plastic and therefore extending the time to complete destruction.

The aim of the paper is the analysis of failure of the lattice truss steel structure and its causes. The main structure constructed during building modernization, made up of lattice girders supported by the short columns on the beams of crane supporting gangway, has failed. Soon after finishing the modernization the excessively sway deformation of columns and girders occurred. The main causes of the failure were design errors of girders and their bracings, caused by neglecting to consider some cases of the complex behaviour of spatial light structure, i.e. when wind uplift overbalances the weight of the roof. The authors indicate that correct design of the bracing system and the use of the adequate calculating model play the key role, especially for calculation of lattice structures, when model of 2 or 3 degrees of freedom per node is commonly used. In some cases such a model does not ensure that the structure has sufficient safe reserve.

Different designs of parabolic steel domes (ribbed dome, Schwedler dome, lamella dome) with the diameter D = 46 m and the height H = 8 m are compared in this paper. Rigidly – joined and pin – connected systems were used. Dead loads, wind loads and snow loads were included. Rods sections were chosen using results of the computation in the program Robot and considering ULS and SLS conditions. It was found that in most cases the mass of a construction was determined by permissible deformation (critical value of the vertical deformation was set as D/300 and of the horizontal deformation as H/150). The Schwedler dome shoved the smallest mass. The trimmed lamella dome demanded less mass than the lamella dome without rings. The increase of the number of supports in the rigidly – joined ribbed dome decreased slightly the construction mass.

Unlike public procurement there are more possibilities in the sector of private construction services to have an influence on a bid price estimation. It can be achieved by specifying the area of general jobsite overhead – a component of indirect costs. The general jobsite overhead which is independent of time and occurs a single time, whereas the general jobsite overhead depends on time and occurs repeatedly during the completion of the construction investment. A more detailed calculation of indirect costs may reduce the risk for an unjustified price overstatement for the Client while providing an appropriate cost-effectiveness for the Constructor.

Scope of the study involved the creation of project land at the Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 4 in Lublin. Attempted to define the concept of a therapeutic garden and set out the functions to be complied with such areas. As part of the field work was performed and the overall inventory dendrological land inventory and analysis of land development. The concept of the design, along with terrain and choice of plants. Proposed total resurfacing and landscaping elements. The outdoor gym is designed and proposed to increase the usefulness of the roof of the building and the creation of green space on it. The area to be a place of rest and support recovery.

At the turn of the century, Łódź was a flourishing city, despite significant cultural diversity and social distance dividing the townspeople at the time. After World War II, new immigrants to the city as well as the introduction of a new political system made the memory of a multicultural, flourishing city disappear. Luckily, amongst the damage and neglect, signs of previous impressiveness and multiculturalism can be noticed. Architecture becomes the indicator of a particular community, and constitutes a unique souvenir. This article focuses on one of the most important religious elements of the Jewish culture – sukkah booths (sukkot) –which appear in significant numbers in the city of Łódź. The disappearance of their traditional purpose, their symbolism, and previous and current functions have been noted.