Natural and cultural values are the main potential aspects for tourism development on study area. It was presented selected landscape evaluation methods focus on classification values of landscape as attractiveness and usefulness for tourism and recreation Different criterias of landscape evaluation were prepared in paper too.

In the paper an evaluation of causes of an excessive moisture content of the paddock and its surface erosion have been presented. The paddock is located on the lot number 95/2 at the 12 Jodłowa Street in Kraków, that belongs to the Experimental Station of the Department of Animal Breeding and Anatomy at University of Agriculture in Krakow. In order to determine the groundwater conditions a proper filed and laboratory tests of the geotechnical parameters were carried out. Based on the current groundwater conditions of the paddock area it was stated that the rainfall does not have a proper drainage and low permeability coefficients of the soils cause its stagnation in the surface layers, which is the reason for the swamping of the ground after heavy rainfall. Based on the carried out tests and analysis a conception of drying and stabilization of the paddock area was prepared. Two types of protection were suggested – one against rainfall stagnation and another one against surface erosion, using coarse mineral soils as a drainage and cellular geosynthetic as a stabilizing protection. A collecting pipe to discharge water from the drainage was also planned.

The paper discusses various methods of determining mean temperature in climate studies and the consequences of applying particular methods. The conclusion is that the use of various mathematical formulas that describe mean temperature usually yields different results. In some cases, the differences can reach ten to twenty percent. Consequently, the results of different analyses are incomparable, even in engineering, and especially in research and scientific studies. Hence the postulate to avoid conducting comparative analyses with the use of data from different authors, if their temperature definitions are different, or if there is no precise information on the formulas used in the calculation.

The paper discusses circumstances that lead to improper measurements of temperature: without appropriate consideration to the context of physical phenomena occurring in nature or without appropriate awareness of mathematical principles; all of which results in data misinterpretation. Based on the conducted discussion, it can be stated that measurements and analyses of thermal phenomena, which are time-varying processes, should be performed using the same principles and tools as in the identification of dynamic processes, such as the Nyquist theorem.

The aim of this article is to present an overview of the Ukrainian legislation on land-use restrictions and zoning regulation. The first part focuses on general law issues concerning land-use restrictions. The second part discusses different types of land-use restrictions according to special law regulation. The third part of the article focuses on legislation concerning certain types of land-use restrictions based on planning decisions, including land-use zoning and land development.

According to the requirements of Water Frame Directive of European Union (WFD), one of the most important problem of water management is counteract of contamination on water bodies condition and achievement good conditions all waters by the end of year 2015. Good surface water status means the status achieved by a surface water body when both its ecological and its chemical status are at least good. To determine the ecological status, both the reference conditions for 26 types of rivers and the ecological quality ratio EQR should be made. To correctly determine estimations, data with the smallest human interactions in the ecosystems should be included. It is important to use to determine these reference conditions. The most common source materials are topographic and cadastral maps, which are used in the analysis of changes in the riverbed. However, they include only the horizontal layout of the river. Analyzing changes in the vertical layout is more problematic, because of the difficulty of the availability or lack of data. The aim of this paper is present the needs and also the problems of the use of historical data to determine the reference conditions.

Shear strength parameters of slope cover soils from Sypka Mts (Wiśnieckie Foothills), where in May and June of 2010 were activated massmovements, are presented in the paper. Mainly loamy gravels (colluviums material) and silty sands (slipping surface soil) were the main soils of slope cover, but were also locally observed silt and shales. Shear strength tests were carried out in direct shear apparatus of dimensions of the box 60 × 60 mm and some tests of silt were done in traxial apparatus. Tests were carried out for saturated as well as unsaturated soil samples. Shear strength test results of saturated soils revealed that loamy gravels and silty sands had great values of angle of internal friction and varied values of cohesion, where smaller ones were obtained for silty sands. In turn, test results of unsaturated sand and silt revealed that decrease of moisture content caused significant increase of shear strength of soils, but the increase was mainly effect of changes of apparent cohesion. Comparison of direct shear and traxial test results of silt gave very similar values of angle of internal friction and cohesion. The multiple shearing of shale caused decrease of the initial shear strength by 24−36% and value of residual angle of internal friction calculated directly on test results was equal to 18°.

Keywords: overland flow, hydrological models