The paper presents the results of tests and calculations aiming at the determination of the influence of changes of the values of municipal wastes cohesion on the values of safety factor calculated with the use of Fellenius method. The described works were performed for the reclaimed dumping site for wastes other than dangerous and neutral in Brzozów. The analysis was based on the own research, calculations and the existing documentation concerning the dumping site. The computational part of the work included checking the slopes stability in two chosen cross-sections. The possibility of an external load on a surcharge coming from a compaction machine was also assumed. Depending of the assumed cross-section and the calculation scheme, it was stated, that even for the cohesion equal 22 kPa the calculated safety factor indicates the risk of stability loss.

Struvite is a hydrated phosphate magnesium-ammonium, chemical formula MgNH₄PO₄ ∙ 6H₂O. It is a mineral which is often formed in an uncontrolled manner in sewage treatment plants, especially in pipes discharging effluent sludge dewatering presses from fermentation tanks. In earlier laboratory tests carried out in static conditions [Czajkowska and Siwiec 2011, Czajkowska 2012] demonstrated a significant effect of pH and concentrations of phosphate, magnesium and ammonium compounds on the formation of struvite. Investigations were carried out methodically for 6 values of pH, 5 concentrations of phosphate and 10 concentrations of ammonium. For those conditions sought magnesium concentrations at which precipitation of struvite. Both of laconic literature data and with information from facing the problem of struvite treatment plants shows that there is a possibility there are other stimulants formation of struvite. The most serious of which is calcium. For this reason, it was carried out studies designed to determine the significance of the impact on the precipitation of calcium deposits. Studies designed to answer the question whether the presence of calcium accelerates the crystallization from solution in cases where the specified concentrations of other components such crystallization does not occur. Practical significance of this research is to give ability to specify ranges of concentrations of individual components, including calcium, at which the settlement will precipitate struvite or mixtures of similar compounds.

Hydraulic structures (dams, hydraulic steps, reservoirs, cascades) are the indicative in aspect of the water tourism. Water dammed by these objects is used often for recreation purposes. Unfortunately by decreasing of the biodiversity the damming has negative influence for river as well as for river valley ecosystems. It also happens that landscape factors decrease after introducing of the river hydraulic structures. This effect is even stronger when chaotic touristic infrastructure appears. When natural hydrodynamical conditions of the river are not properly discovered even kayaking routes can disturb the fluvial processes. The subject of the paper is to meet the problems appearing after introducing of the tourism and recreation activities to the high valuated or protected areas of rivers and reservoirs. The negative results of them (canoeing, sailing, fishing, recreation) were analyzed for introducing the new ones not diminish but even improve the natural and landscape factors within and around of the open waters.

The paper presents the analysis of retention properties of mineral soils, and an attempt to establish statistical relationships of the soil basic physical properties and characteristic moisture contents. Because of a relatively complicated and time-consuming process of a direct measurement of moisture and retention soil characteristics (e.g. pF curves), more often indirect methods are sought, such that utilize relationships between basic physical properties of the soil, and characteristic moisture contents. In this paper, the relationships between individual soil texture classes, soil density and the content of organic matter with water retention at certain soil suction values (pF values) were analysed. The research was performed on 59 mineral soils of a diverse textural composition, from sands to heavy clays. The relationship between examined properties and the soil moisture at certain pF value was proved statistically.

The authors analyse the water reservoir Domaniów influences on the environment both negative and positive. To the first group belong number geomorphological changes of terrain by build the dam on the Radomka river which the length = 740 m and height about 16 m and also embankments. Change the land utilization structure, infrastructure, and road and technical and deforestation displacement the people. However positive influences of reservoir water Domaniów are following the improvement humidity the air and soil in zone of water reservoir impact the building new road infrastructure, supply the water and canalization all villages which there are round the water reservoir Domaniów , the building new farms, houses with guest rooms, lawns at the houses, playgrounds to the football and net, beaches, gastronomic points and so on. The water reservoir generates good conditio for bath and water sports, supplies also electricity and the water to the fish ponds and irrigation, increases also biomass production, biodiversity the forests and grasslands round water reservoir Domaniów. The balance analysis of all mentioned influences indicates undoubtedly, that water reservoir Domaniów is proecological investment because influences on the environment is more positive than negative.

The role of plant communities Typhetum latifoliae in the formation and protection of water bodies has been presented in this paper. They are the most common marshy plant communities in Poland and in the world. The ability to strengthen and stabilize the banks of water bodies has been emphasized. The results of own researches on mechanical properties of Typha latifolia have been presented. The tensile strength of individual parts of plants – rhizomas, base of shoots and shoots have been determined. These data have been compared to data relating to some species of trees, bushes and herbaceous plants, given by other Authors. As can be inferred, Typha latifolia is important element, stabilizing and protecting the substrate from water erosion, creating a security system more durable and environment – creating than artificial strengthening.

Authors on the basis of analysis of hydraulic conditions of flow through the road bridge cross-section in the course of road No 363, crossing in Zagrodno Town (Lower Silesia) the Skora riverbed at km 26+150 of its course, present the choice procedure of parameters of this structure cross-section. They pay attention on very disadvantageous location of discussed bridge, without any possibilities to relocation both the road and the bridge. They underline the complex conditions of flood flow within the bridge, as well as they analyze the bridge impact on river flow too. They emphasize the mountain character of the Skora River and significant impact of riverbed development upstream and downstream of the bridge with hydrotechnical and communications structures. Authors pay attention for essential, in this situation, choice of computational river section for the needs of calculations and the choice of the modeling method of flow within studied bridge.

The study of results of hydrometric measurements and the calculations of the unit energy stream of water in the lock of fish-pass were introduced in this work. The efficiency qualification of fish-pass was the aim of the work. Investigations were carried out in the day 10.11.2011 in the slotted fish-pass of the weir of the water reservoir in Zesławice on the river Dłubnia. It was affirm, that the ensure of the optimum conditions of fish migration throughout the fish-pass taking into account the flow velocity of water through the slots of fish-pass, there is only possible near the opening one inlet from the side of the upper water of the weir. It was showed that diverse hydraulic conditions in the individual lock of fish-pass were by the given flow, about what provide in the individual water depths and the considerable differentiation of the flow velocity in individual slots and the locks of fish-pass. The calculated unit energy stream of water E exceeds the permissible value E = 200 W ∙ m^–3, showing on the low efficiency of fish-pass.

At the present, in modern river training use rapid hydraulic structures (RHS’s). These RHS’s meet both technical and ecological aspects. These cause decrease the longitudinal of the channel, differentiate of the flow regime, reproduce the braiding pattern of channel end do not stop to migrate fish. It can be concluded that these buildings can successfully replace conventional water thresholds. They require constant monitoring in the field and a deeper analysis of hydrodynamic. So, in this paper, we made some hydraulic parameters within the RHS and upstream and downstream of the RHS in Porębianka stream in Gorce Mountain.

Abstract: The Nida River flows in Świętokrzyskie district over the valley which is used mostly by agriculture. At present in it’s lower run the river is quite danger during floods due to the lack of small retention. This could be easily restored after removing of the embankments. After the increase of the retention by the opening of the valley areas, the reflection of the river itself on the close to nature run was calculated. In the paper the results of the flooded zones on the reach length of 10.3 km are presented. For the case 103 cross-sections distributed every 100 meters were prepared. The simulations of flooding by discharges between 1 m3 · s–1 and Q_1% were performed.

Small reservoirs are an important part of small retention. Due to their small depth, they are generally rapidly shallowing. The reason for this process are very low flow velocities in the separate parts of the reservoir, which contribute to accelerate the sedimentation of suspended organic or inorganic load. In this study the water surface elevation during different discharges in the artificial lake in Pińczów under the present conditions, and after an additional outlet channel to the river are calculated. Speeds of water present in the reservoir in a number of areas are too small to measure them. Therefore, to determine the occurrence of no flow areas the CCHE2D, two dimensional model has been used. Revitalization scenario proposed for improving the oxygen capacity, and also to reduce the intensity of the deposition of the transported material into the reservoir is presented.

Study performance changes of synantropic vegetation in Lublina what passed in period more 40 years. In this aim was confronted investigations was made in 2005–2009 with results of investigations executed in 1960–1962 and 1966 by prof. the D. Fijałkowskiego. Comparison shows on change differentiation happened in synantropic community. We was observed getting reduction segetal community from Stelarietea mediae from 8 to 3. It is the consequence the diminishing part of city as manufacturer of food, as well as lying fallow these terrains. Almost identical the superficial changes on ruderal community. This is connected from reduction refuse ground, dump ground, different building standards. It grew up from 8 to 10 but their part diminishes in scenery of city. It the growth of community was has noted down was stepping out on waste lands as well as it grows green from 19 terrains to 26. Interesting is adapted appearing synantropic vegetation to large salinity as well as resistant on contamination soil chemical substances. In spite changes in occurrence and the differentiation the synantropic community they have still the significant part in scenery of city and they should be used in creating the ecological system of city and initiation idea sustainable development.

Results of tests considering the influence of root reinforcement on shear strength of soil are presented in the paper. The tests were performed using two methods. In the first method were used Wu et al. [1979] model, in which the increase of soil shear strength due to presence of roots is calculated using values of tensile strength of roots. In the second method were performed tests in direct shear box apparatus for soil reinforced by roots. In both methods for tests were used roots of Scotch pine. The results of tensile tests showed that the tensile strength of Scotch pine are basically in a range from 5 to 25 MPa. The results of the shear strength tests of soil reinforced by roots showed that the increase of the shear strength of the soil due to presence of roots is generally associated with an increase in the cohesion of soil (about 2,9-8 kPa), while the reinforcement of the soils does not cause significant changes in the value of its internal friction angle. Comparison of the results of the two methods showed that the increase of the shear strength estimated theoretically, based on the results of the tensile tests, were much too high in comparison to the results obtained from direct shear test.