Acta Scientiarum Polonorum

Scientific paper founded in 2001 year by Polish agricultural universities

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Formatio Circumiectus
(Kształtowanie Środowiska) 10 (1) 2011
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TitleTHE INFLUENCE OF HYDROTECHNICAL STRUCTURES ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF JAMNE STREAM CHANNELS IN THE GORCE MOUNTAINS, POLISH CARPATHIANS
AutorAnna Bucała, Artur Radecki-Pawlik
Pages3–16
Keywordshydrotechnical structures, Jamne stream, Gorce Mountains, morphological changes of stream channels, gravel mining, Water Framework Directive
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The aim of this paper is to present the influence of hydrotechnical structures on morphological changes in the Jamne stream channel in the Gorce Mountain. The channel of the Jamne stream was still intact in the early 70’s. Before regulation, it was characterized by the occurrence of the large quantity of gravel bars. The width of the active channel was up to 20 m. The bottoms of channels in longitudinal profile were approximately equal, and in cross sections it was possible to distinguish a few currents separated with gravel bars, constantly filled up with water. At present, channel of stream is single-threaded, in lower sections sinuous, and its width does not exceed 8 m. Only at the outlet of side valleys the width of channel is growing up to 10 m. The banks of stream are regulated, shaped and strengthened with hydrotechnical structures. For example in the catchment of the Jamne on section from 700 to 3640 m the length of the stream became shortened for 180 m. The longitudinal profile of stream is stair due to wooden steps and concrete drop structures located next to rock thresholds in different intervals from each other. Its occurrence is more frequent in the outlet parts of the stream. An asymmetry of bank is still noticeable in its most parts. However, it occurs along with the significant decrease in the size of the surface areas of accumulated gravel bars and the length of erosion cuttings of the river banks, which is a result of the river regulation. The paper also addresses the regulatory compliance initiatives of the stream with the Water Framework Directive. Attention also given to the problem of illegal gravel mining from the channels of mountain streams and its effect on the degradation of the channels. The thesis of this article is to demonstrate a type of irregularity technical regulation, which directly influenced the change in stream channel morphological processes
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TitleHYDROMORPHOLOGICAL VALORIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL WATER BODIES WITH THE MHR METHOD
AutorKrzysztof Górecki, Mirosław Grzybowski, Piotr Ilnicki, Alicja Krzemińska, Piotr Lewandowski, Mariusz Sojka
Pages17–32
Keywordshydromorphology, artificial water bodies, ecological potential coefficient
AbstractShow abstract
A new method (MHR) of hydromorphological monitoring of artificial water bodies is presented. The total length of artificial water bodies in Poland is about 2000 km, which indicates the need to use a simplified method of assessment in relation to the natural or heavily modified water bodies. The assessment of the ecological potential of the water body has been based on four elements, 19 features and 34 attributes which form a hierarchical assessment system. Scoring of the features is based on the characteristic of attributes and involves only 10 features and 20 attributes. This is caused by their specificity. The method of the assessment is illustrated by the protocol. The ecological potential is assessed within four classes. The MHR method allows to identify the parts of the water body that do not score a good ecological potential and indicate the cause. It allows for the implementation of the Water Framework Directive.
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TitleTHE APPLICATION OF CHURCHILL’S METHOD IN THE QUALIFICATION OF SEDIMENT TRAP EFFICENCY OF WATER RESERVOIR AT ZESŁAWICE
AutorBogusław Michalec
Pages33–46
Keywordssmall water reservoir, suspended sediment, sedimentation index, sediment trap efficiency of reservoir
AbstractShow abstract
The results of sediment trap efficiency of the small water reservoir βin the following years of operation were introduced in this work. The qualification of the possibility of determination of the sediment trap efficiency of water reservoir at Zesławicach on the river Dłubnia using of the method Churchilla was the aim of this work. Sediment trap efficiency was qualified on the basis of several the measurements of silting in periods before and after desilting of reservoir and on the basis of calculations of the suspended sediment transport. The measurements of sediment volume deposited in water reservoir in Zesławicach were executed using the rod probe from the boat in cross-sections and the method of distracted points. The quantity of sediment delivered to the water reservoir in Zesławice was qualified the direct method, according to the IMGW instruction, and was calculated according to the DR-USLE method. The sediment trap efficiency reservoir at Zesławice in first year of operation in periods before and after desilting, definite on the basis of measurements of silting carries out 84.4 and 88.8% respectively. Churchill’s formula can be used to approximate qualification of the initial value βof water reservoir at Zesławice. The value of sediment trap efficiency reduced above three times in the period before desilting and above twice in the period after desilting. However silting trap efficiency definite according to the Churchill’s method will hardly reduce in comparable periods about 20 and 5%. Regression relationships in form β=  25.3ln(SI) – 359.1 and β= 56.4ln(SI) – 915.2 makes possible the qualification of the sediment trap efficiency of the reservoir at Zesławice in the several years of operation before and after desilting. Introduced by Churchill sedimentation index can be used to the study of dependence enabling delimitation of the sediment trap efficiency of small water reservoirs.
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TitleTIME DISTRIBUTION OF TROPOSPHERIC OZONE CONCENTRATIONS IN SZCZECIN IN THE YEARS 2005–2007
AutorJadwiga Nidzgorska-Lencewicz
Pages47–55
KeywordsKeywords: tropospheric ozone, concentrations, frequency, daily structure, weekend effect
AbstractShow abstract
The results were based on automatic, hourly measurements of tropospheric ozone concentrations registered in immission station of Voivodeship Inspectorates of Environmental Protection, located in Szczecin, at Andrzejewskiego Street. It was found that during the study period covering the 2005–2007, the greatest average concentrations of ozone was stated in the spring season, the smallest in autumn and winter. In terms of week measurements the immission level in weekend days was dominant over the rest of the week, marking the strongest in the spring season. In the course of twenty four hours of ozone, especially during spring and summer, a clear increase of concentrations beginning in the morning, with a maximum falling in the hour from 15.00 to 18.00 (UTC time) occurred.
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