Soil research was carried out near Olsztyn. The terrain under study (approx. 330 ha) is widely varied geologically and includes outwash plains, kame hills as well as ice dead moraines, flood terrace of the Łyna River and Kortówka River valleys and thaw hollows. It was found that depending on the lithological and relief conditions, the superior landscapes (automorphic) are covered by brown, rusty and weakly developed or lessive, pseudogley and anthropogenic soils. In the forest ecosystems, their reaction is acidic while in agrocenoses it is regulated by the application of lime. In the accumulating landscape (subordinate) the soil type is determined by the method of soil substrate transportation (alluvial, deluvial), while in the hydromorphic landscapes it is determined by humidity conditions. Dehydration of peat soils has resulted in their transformation into peat-muck soils.

Consolidation is a management and agricultural measure playing an important role in rural area development. One of the phases of this measure involves appraisal of land being contributed by the parties, before and after the consolidation. Land appraisal in the consolidation procedure is carried out according to different principles than when determining the market value of agricultural land. The main objective of the article is to present the factors having an effect on land value determined in the land consolidation procedure and on the market value of agricultural land. An attempt was made to compare the factors taken into account in both cases: the consolidation and the determination of market value and some differences and similarities were presented. Based on the presented analysis it was found that the values in the consolidation procedure are based on object features such as soil quality classification, location, neighborhood, etc. There is a lack of a factor which would adjust the estimated values to the market prices.

Exogenous and endogenous factors determine the rational method of spatial planning, which is related to determination of the optimal planning functions. The attractor in the sense of land use is the place where the data describing land conditions attract its optimal use. The study presents considerations leading to determination of space use function attractors on the basis of exogenous and endogenous factors applied and by means of including the analysis of exogenous factors obtained from geophysical measurements. Inclusion of geophysical measurements results into the process of searching for land use attractors will contribute to better modeling of spatial processes and relations as well as decrease the number of decision errors made by planners in the spatial planning process. Determination of planning functions’ attractors may be important for changing the development trends of spatial processes and contribute to a change in practice of organization of the space covered by planning.

Rural tourism has very important role in development of Umbra. Good realization of tourism development is consequence of a lot institutions cooperation in frame of economical, ecological and social activities. It is very important that rural tourism, include agritourism, has a place in the protection of natural and cultural heritage, because region is characterized by rural areas with specific natural and cultural values. Tourism management has connection with accommodation and food structure, technical infrastructure, location of the rest objects on the rural areas. Because of that the aim of this work is analysis of the political development of rural tourism in region Umbria and presentation of the actual state and indication of changing directions in tourism management.

The paper presents the Department of Landscape Architecture and Agrotourism University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. The landscape in terms of space is an artificially separated element of time-space in which everything spreads and lasts continually. The human being requires to organise and compose it in a physical, tangible, visual and stable way. Composition is the union of form and funcional essence of things, and this is what creates a specific kind of order, or beauty. Composition is a structure, an internal organisation of elements. It is very imortaend thing incrating landscape is tektonik end geometikcal forms seting in order. This is give posibillity to put in ideal hole organical form end arhitectonical form. Mutual relations between integration, balance and development in the natural world – the landscape and the man – his works of arts, come into existence.

This paper examines which information and database systems are used to support decisions taken in the process of national and communal road management. The GIS allows to visualise selected data or effects. Since it is possible to obtain information about the spatial position of road network attributes, thematic geoinformation systems are obtained which support the decision-making process related to road network operation and management.

Polish village required many changes in connection with the accession of Poland to European Union in 2004. The financial help for the agriculture in our country, financed by countries from the Union, is being realized since the beginning of 50’s XX. The support for the agricultural sector during the pre-accessible period was mainly based on Sapard and Phare programmes. They created the necessary bases for making use of the means from structural funds. In 2004–2006 it was planned to finish the financing of pre-accessible instruments as well as the realization of accession help for agriculture. The activities connected with it were mainly possible due to Sapard and Phare programmes, direct payment, Plan of Development of Urban Areas, Sector Operational Programme, „The Restructurisation and Modernization of Food Sector and Development of Urban Areas”. The main direction of these activities was the support for changes and adjustments in agricultural and food sector and the balanced development of urban areas. The accession of Poland to European Union creates the possibility of hastening changes of Polish village that should lead to the improvement of life conditions and the quality of economic activities on urban areas. The aim of this paper is to introduce European Union chosen help programmes in the aspect of activities leading to cultural, social and economic development of Polish village. This article analyses European Union chosen help programmes such as Sapard, Phare, Plan of Development of Urban Areas in 2004–2006 and Sector Operational Programme „The Restructurisation and Modernization of Food Sector and Development of Urban Areas” in 2004–2006.

The paper presents results of research on clustering housing community properties with the use of classification tree. The subject of the research was the population of housing community properties with the Olsztyn community share. The research procedures were used in particular way that enabled acquired classification tree include all the essential criteria in terms of the rational community properties management. The classification tree presents hierarchical order of maximum homogenous subclusters with the minimum number of nods generating clusters of simple classification rules. The analysis have shown that big housing communities were dominant in the population and that it contributed to improved management efficiency. One have noticed that in the overwhelming majority of analyzed housing communities Olsztyn community lost most of the shares in a result of shattered privatization. This situation greatly complicates the decision-making process in terms of community properties management.

In the article are presented problems connected with the transformations of the landscape village on example of the lowland area of Opole voivodeship. On the researching area the village landscape lasted almost invariable to the 19 century. Only the development of technology and the social and economical transformation have influenced on change for their traditional character. It have reflection in buildings and the development of the superficial water in the villages. As essential is disappearing of traditional strains of the trees and green forms which were accompanied village areas for ages.

The definiction, functions and kinds of plantings are presented in this article. The possibilities of gaining the Agri-environment Programs UE support to field plantings are shown here. Particularly two possible kinds of these programs are analyzed: the field planting renovation and the creation of the new field plantings.

International interest in the sustainable development has been increasing from few decades and production of the electricity from renewable energy sources is included as very important part of it. European Union is one of the most or the most powerful player in reducing energy losses, increasing energy efficiency and implementation of technology based on renewable energy sources. Residential buildings are important, integral part of the environment and play a significant role in “urban metabolism”, where energy and water are consumed and waste are produced. The article divided on two sections. Main focus on the first part on an analysis of the structure of energy consumption in polish households, potential of renewable energy sources and existing technologies that can be used in based on green primary energy sources. In the secent part was shown practical example analysis of an energy generation from the renewable energy sources in residential buildings, which has direct influence on their management efficiency.

The Przemyśl region is famous of its rich history and folk culture that have been preserving by the following generations, who have been settled down in that area. Despite the pass of time, numerous examples of wooden rural and sacral architecture survived to our times. These are wayside shrines, Orthodox churches, churches, old buildings and associated with them traditional rural gardens. These gardens are fruit of this land and its past. The striking feature of them is a variety of plants that exists in such a small area and has been traditionally connected with the rural landscape of the Przemyśl region for centuries. The examples of such species are the following: Staphyle pinnata L., Vinca minor L., Sedum acre L. The local people preserve a specific folklore, ancient religious customs and rituals that are associated with the regional cultivation of these plants. These rural gardens, which are relics of the past epochs, deserve for protection as the aspects of regional cultural heritage.

The activities connected with public roads construction in Poland has increased significantly during last years. Unprecedented scale of these investments, resulted from the country’s accession to the European Union and co-hosting the European Football Championships in 2012. The different activities planned and executed last years revealed many weak points of law and constrained legislative changes. In this paper the basic assumptions and fundamental rules concerning legal procedures of land acquisition for public roads construction has been described. At first a brief information on what a term “public road” means and how the roads has been classified according to Polish legislation was given. The article shows the similarities and differences between the procedures of land acquisition according to the Polish legal acts especially in terms of the entities involved in them or administrative acts causing deprivation or restriction of rights. It also compares solutions adopted in Poland to the German and Norwegian ones. The conclusions are as follows: the example of Poland shows a real diversity of land acquisition procedures. There are procedures, that omit the negotiation stage, there are also ones that cannot be accomplished without it, foreign procedures presented in the paper are similar to the Polish Real Estate Act’s one, in terms of the entities involved in the procedures one can notice bigger disparity.

The paper presents the characteristics of a rural park according to an inventory made 26 years ago, as compared with the current state. Particular attention was paid to tree stand preservation, land management and development, and park maintenance. The authors share the opinion that the park needs renovation, including the removal of excess tree and shrub seedlings, as well as the determination of footpaths and walkways. In addition, a detailed land management plant should be drawn up. Animal farms and vegetable gardens located in the immediate vicinity of the park should be transferred or closed down.

The compulsory acquisition of land for public purposes has been a delicate issue and needs special procedures. European legislation affecting central of land use. There are some principles in Europe for legislation on compulsory acquisition of land. Important is protection of due process and fair procedure. The constitutions of many countries provide the protection of private property rights and the power of the government to acquire land with just compensation. This paper analyses some procedures of real estate expropriation with brief look on laws protecting property rights in Poland.