Data on 292 goats of the white upgraded breed, kept in Poland were studied. The udder measurements were taken 1-2 hours before milking in 60th, 150th and 240th day of the first lactation. The following measurements were taken: udder volume, basis length, width, depth, vertical semi-circumference, horizontal circumference, distance to floor, teat length, teat diameter, distance between teats. The simple correlation coefficients between the udder characteristics and a daily milk yield were calculated. The study showed that during the first lactation the udder and teat dimensions decreased, while the distance between the udder and the floor increased. Strong simple correlation coefficients between the udder characteristics were found; the highest correlations were calculated between the udder volume and horizontal circumference, vertical semi-circumference, width, depth as well as between the horizontal circumference and width and vertical semi-circumference. The udder volume and morphological traits affected the volume (width, horizontal circumference, vertical semi-circumference) were found to be strongly correlated with the daily milk yield.

The purpose of carried out investigations was to determine the digestibility of nutrients in wild boars, swine · wild boars hybrids and in swine fed mixtures containing different level of crude fibre. Mixture given to group I-st was treated as control and was characterized by a fibre concentration at level of 4%. In mixtures IInd and IIIrd the level of fibre was increased up to about 5 and 7 percent. As an result of performed investigation it was stated that the increase of crude fibre concentration (over 5%) in diets given to all groups of animals negatively affected the nutrients conversion, particularly decreased the protein digestibility. Obtained results indicate also that similarly to the increasing of fibre concentration the decrease of NDF and ADF digestibility appeared. The NDF fraction was better digested than ADF in all experimental animals.

The study was carried out in the pedigree herd of 41 boars of the Polish Landrace breed kept at the Breeding and Insemination Station. During the reproduction period 3388 eiaculates were taken and subject to analysis and assessment and the semen concerned was used to inseminate sows serviced by the station. The PCR-RFLP method was used to determine the frequency of mutation 1843C→T in gene RYR1, the said mutation being responsible for stress susceptibility of pigs. In the herd concerned genotype RYR1^NRYR1^N occurred at the frequency of 0.7317, genotype RYR1^NRYR1ⁿ at the frequency of 0.2683, whereas genotype RYR1ⁿRYR1ⁿ (animals susceptible to stress) was not found. Relations between RYR1 (RYR1^NRYR1^N and RYR1^NRYR1ⁿ) genotypes and qualitative and quantitative characters of semen such as eiaculate volume, concentration of sperm cells, a share of normozoospermia, the number of sperm cells in a dose and the number of insemination doses. The analysis of relations between RYR1 genotypes and the boar semen traits showed the clear and statistically significant (p = 0.01) predominance of the boars of RYR1^NRYR1^N genotype over the ones exhibiting RYR1^NRYR1ⁿ genotype in terms of eiaculate volume, share of normozoospermia, the number of normozoospermia in an eiaculate and the number of obtained insemination doses.

Abstract.The influence of slaughter mass and sex of the animals on chosen slaughter traits, physical and chemical traits of Semimembranosus muscles of 105 crossbreeds were analyzed in the paper. The increase of slaughter mass positively influenced the traits connected to slaughter value both for bulls and heifers. It resulted in decrease of R factor value and meat acidity. Examined Semimembranosus muscle originating from heavier animals had decreased water holding capacity and increased fat rate, bigger dry mass and higher class of marbling With heifers, in spite of lower values, similar tendencies of traits formation were observed as those for bulls. The fibres diameter was increasing accordingly to the increase of slaughter mass and it was biggest with bulls.

The purpose of carried out investigations was to explain the effect of different levels and kinds of crude fibre given to store pigs during rearing on the diversification of a particular parts of digestive tracts (DT) in fattened pigs. The investigations were performed on 90 hogs at the age of 28 days, weaned at the average body weight of 7 kg. The pigs were divided into three experimental groups, each of them comprised of 30 heads. The pigs from group I were treated as control (K) and were fed with a standard mixture containing 4% of crude fibre. In mixtures given to animals from both remaining groups the fibre concentration was increased up to 7%. In group II (ST) this level was obtained by application of 10-20% of grass meal, in group III (OP) by addition of 23-36% of wheat bran. On 90th day of life the 5 animals from each experimental group were randomly chosen and slaughtered and from each carcass the whole digestive tract was prepared out and there the measurements of particular parts were done according to the Horszczaruk’s method. Performed investigations result in the statement that the kind of crude fibre can be an useful tool in regulation of gastrointestinal organ development in pigs. Addition of grass meal to the mixtures given to store pigs significantly increased (by two-times) the volume of colon and caeca in comparison to control animals. Obtained results indicates that the application of 36% of wheat bran can negatively affect the DT proportions. The animals from this group were characterized by about 3 meters shorter and by one litre less capacity small intestine in comparison to fed grass meal.

The purpose of carried investigations was to compare the digestive tracts in swine, wild boars and in the swine × boars hybrids (S×BH). The parts of animal digestive tracts were evaluated in the group of animals comprised of 3 wild boars (in the similar body weight and age – 40 kg and full physiological maturity) as well as five swine and five male S×BH characterized by a full physiological maturity and average body weight about 100 kg. The measurements of the digestive tracts in experimental animals were performed according to method described by Horszczaruk. As an effect of carried investigations the better development of this part of digestive tract where the enzymatic fermentation is much more efficient than microbial one was stated. Obtained results indicate that in wild boars and in S×BH the parts where the fermentative processes happen were the best developed. The length of small intestine in swine amounted about 83% of total length of digestive tract. In boars this value was lower by 11% and in the S×BH the small intestine constituted of 79% of total length of gastrointestinal tract. From obtained data it can be concluded that in examined animals the diversification of particular parts of digestive tracts occurred.

The aim of the present research was to work out equations of multiple regression for the estimation of body weight of cows on the basis of body measurements and evaluation of the animals’ condition. The studies involved 318 lactating cows (from the first up to the fourth lactation). The following equation was derived for the estimation of the cows’ body weight on the basis of their body measurements and evaluation of their condition: Y = 6.043X₁ + 3.129X₄ + 20.876X₈ – 882.756. The mean error of evaluation reached + 1.8 kg for primiparous cows and – 2.6 kg for multiparous cows. Independent variables included: X₁ – chest girth; X₄ – width of pelvis measured in the hips; X₈ – value of the condition’s evaluation. The highest accuracy of the body weight estimation based on the body measurements and condition, irrespective of the age of cows and equation used, was reported for the cows with 25-75% genes of the Holstein-Friesian breed. Small mean differences between real and estimated body weight indicate that the suggested equations can be put into practice when estimating the body weight of cows.

The study carried out on males of kids and lambs that were 160 days old at slaughter. Chemical composition of meat and content of fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography. The study showed significantly less amount of total fat and higher proprtion of unsaturated, to saturated fatty acids, within the goat muscle tissues. The obtained results sugegest thet the kids meat possess higher dietetic value than lambs meat.

The studies included stallions from Boguslawice Depot in years 1975-1999, what gave together 4038 stallion’s season. On base of researches ascertained that follows systematical fall of number of stallions the Boguslawice Depot. In 1999 year in great numbest former represented stallions: malopolska bred (21.62%) and heavy draught horse bred (20.27%). From 1995 year, only stallions noble half bred noted height of number to 14 in year 1999 (9.46%). In relation in biometrical measurements ascertained hight of withers height of stallions independently from their races. Average age of stallions carried out 10.2 of years in period 1975-1989 and 9.0 of years in period 1990-1999. The heavy draught horse bred was intensely reproduction utilisation from warm-blood stallions. Exist statistically important differences between number covered of mares by stallions in dependences from their of type and of district.

Breeding value was evaluated on the basis of productivity of their daughters. The investigations was performed by employing milk yields obtained from a daily yields that come from a milking parlour of a herd of cb crossbreeds with a high hf upgrade in Czerwona Wieś. The assessment was performed for 100 and 200-day of productivity from the day of calving. In both cases, productivity estimations gave similar results. The assessment was also carried out for 100 and 200-day productivity values obtained in the Ferma system. The results obtained were differed from each other. The evaluations obtained from data concerning daily milk yields are comparable with the ranking of productivity. It indicates that the results of daily milk yields obtained even from 100-day productivity had been useful as an element of a bull evaluation. Small differences between obtained evaluation for the 100 and the 200 daily milking can be attributed to a small number of samples.

The investigations were carried out on 52 495 cows of Black-and-White and Holstein-Fresian crossbreds, belonging to an active population on the premises of former provinces in Poland: Bydgoszcz, Toruń and Włocławek. Calving occurred over 1999 and 2000 (lactations ≥ 200-days). On the ground of independence test results (χ²) one was observed significant differentiation frequency of cows with definite difference between fat and protein content in their milk. On the average, cow proportion in milk of which protein content is equal or higher than fat was 1.07%, and their proportion grew larger together with the following lactations, with progress of grading crossing by Holstein-Fresian race, and also with herd number. The opposite situation was in the case of cow frequency with unbeneficial difference between fat and protein content in milk from the breeding view-point, because it exceeded 1%. Difference value between fat and protein content differentiated to advantage of ”protein cows”, milk and protein yield for lactation, protein to fat ratio.