The paper presents results of the experiments carried out on the Lake Sniardwy using satellite integrated technology. Bathymetric survey at the Lake Sniardwy have been conducted with the measurement profiles designed every 50 meters and 5 meters one after another. Raw-data have been collected using integrated Differential GPS, GIS and single frequency digital hydrographic echo sounder to construct a Digital Terrain Model and prepare three dimensional visualizations. The paper presents Integrated Bathymetric System technology, principles of raw-data and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) elaboration.

Points with known normal and ellipsoidal (obtained by satellite techniques) heights provides so-called satellite-leveling quasi-geoid models. An accuracy of the model depends on local disturbances of the quasi-geoid course between known points. In the paper there are estimated the disturbances produced by omission in such simple models an additional data like digital elevation model, gravity data and global geopotential model. Test calculations are related to the are of Lower Silesia and concerns mountains, mountains foreland and low-lying area. The analyses was made for the distance of 30 km between known points (approximate, mean distance between POLREF network points). Results of the performed calculations pointed to significant values of examined components for height anomaly interpolation even for low-lying area.

We are all using models. In daily life we need effective models to act efficiently. Similarly, in studies on selecting the optimal development function we assume that the crossed space characteristics are related to a specific function, that the problems formulated relate to reality. Those assumptions are actually models describing the shape of planning space under the influence of characteristics conditioning it. Modeling means creating the idealized but useful replica of the real space. Civilization development and increase of social needs require development of continuously new fragments of space and, related to it, continual modification of areas already developed. The land use status changes under the influence of needs related to human existence, which causes allocation of agricultural and forest areas for urbanization. Choice of the optimal land use function depends on the presence of various characteristics of the space in the place assessed. The characteristics on land surface such as terrain relief, fertility characteristics of the soil, existing natural and anthropogenous elements most frequently influence the planning decisions concerning the development method. This paper also considers the information concerning presence of subsurface elements in the analyzed area such as type of soil bearing capacity, presence of empty spaces, construction materials’ deposits, ruins and historical objects, high level of ground waters and technical infrastructure. Variants of shape model based on surface characteristics, without information on underground elements and variants of changes to the model including those elements are presented. Inclusion of subsurface element in the planning space modeling process will contribute to optimization of planned function selection and decrease the number of decision mistakes made by planners in the process of physical planning.

Present technologies of determination of position a topographic points in a huge measure are automated and are based on methods: direct land measurements, satellite or photogrammetric techniques or the methods of graphical-and-digital processing of existing cartographical works. In the process of producing of large scale map data (at present in digital form) or realization of different economic tasks, is the most important matter of their accuracy. This means in practice respecting the legal recipes as well as use of technical standards valid in field of geodesy and cartography. This paper presents the analysis of accuracy of position determination of topographic points using direct measurements of the polar and the orthogonal methods. Accuracy of topographic survey was confronted with requirements of valid G-4 Instruction as well as recommendations contained in draft of (new) G-4 Instruction. Performed investigations confirmed high accuracy (with respect to the closest points of horizontal geodetic control network) of detailed topographic surveys realized with contemporary electronic tacheometers. Present topographic surveys with a total station provide the determination of topographic point (from 1^st accuracy group with the careful their identification) with the accuracy of 0,03 ÷ 0,05 m. Conducted investigations confirmed also that it is possible to determinate topographic features the 1^st accuracy group (with the careful identification) realized with the orthogonal method survey with the accuracy not worse than 0,05 m (with respect to points of the control network). However according to large time absorbing of detailed surveys of the orthogonal method and scarce possibility of automation, both the measurements and record of their results - in case of topographic surveys (especially these realized on urban areas) the applying the orthogonal method will be well-founded only as supplementary method. This method is used in a small range in relation to predominant in topographic surveys of the polar method (realized with the total station instruments).