The paper presents a two-stage method of real estate estimation, basing on the probabilistic model of the variability of real estates prices in relation to their attributes. At the first analysis stage, on the basis of the market information being a base for estimation, a linear model and a multiplicative model of variability of real estate prices in relation to their attributes will be estimated. The verification of statistical hypotheses concer-ning the differences between the values of the estimated model parameters will be the basis for evaluating their significance and it will permit to choose a more reliable model. On the basis of model parameters and of the attributes of an estimated real estate, we will determine its market value with a full analysis of variance. A real estate value determined in such a way, being a prediction of estimated model, will be corrected with a random correction, which is going to be determined at the second stage of the analysis. At the second stage, the statistical analysis will include random deviations, determined at the first stage, relating to the real estate unit prices, together with their covariance matrix. For this analysis, a procedure based on quality methods will be evolved with the aim of determining the degree of similarity between an estimated real estate and a real estate in the database. As result of the quality analysis, a subgroup of real estates showing the highest degree of similarity to the estimated real estate will be established. Random deviations for real estate unit prices of the established subgroup and their covariance matrix, determined at the first stage, are the basis for determining the random correction for the estimated real estate. This random correction being added to the real estate market value obtained from the model prediction determined at the first stage, we get the most probable market value of the estimated real estate.

For the digital terrain modelling from airborne laser scanning data the identification of points that are reflections from bare earth is the main issue of process of elaboration ALS data. In this work the hierarchic method of identification of points belonging to terrain surface was presented. This method is based upon the approximation of data using moving polynomial surface. Moving polynomial parameters are estimated locally based upon M-estimators of robust estimation method. In the estimation process the depended on the distance weighting function and asymmetrical damping function were used. A lot of numeric tests on the real airborne laser scanning data were executed. This data had a form of 15 testing samples contained referenced data as correctly classified terrain and objects’ points. The method was verified based upon the comparison of data after automatic filtration with referenced sets of points. In the result of comparison the percentage errors of automatic filtering were determined. Total percentage filtering error was evaluated on the level from about 1% to about 12%. These values depended mainly on the terrain form and terrain coverage. It has been noticed that in the critical places e. g. along the dykes the including to the algorithm additional information a-priori as correct terrain points make the automatic filtering more accurate.

The self developed by authors approach of integer value of ambiguity search for phase’s measurements is presented in the paper. This approach is one of the numeric techniques of optimal solution search in theory of integer least squares. Theoretical bases as well as numeric examples illustrating of method are presented.

Accuracy of Digital Terrain Model (DTM) generated from airborne laser scanning data depends on many factors, e.g. terrain structures, landcover, stability of photogrammetric flight, quality of navigation data, accuracy of calibration, size of laser footprint on terrain (height of flight and convergence of laser beam), density of captured points, method of raw ALS data filtering. In this work the accuracy determination of DTM generated for 20-kilometer part of valley of Widawa river was presented. This DTM was used in hydrodynamic modelling. Airborne laser scanning was carried out using prototypic ScaLARS scanner (developed in Institute of Navigation of Stuttgart University). INS and GPS signals were registered by Applanix POS/AV 510 system. Photogrammetric flight using AN-2 aeroplane was made from height of 550 m. Footprint of laser beam had on the terrain size of about 0.6 m. Calibration of system was carried out semi-automatically. In the reference of GPS measured control fields relative error was estimated on the level about 0.3 m (along and across the flight direction) and error of height was about 0.1 m. Research of accuracy determination of generated DTM was carried out based upon fields measurements using GPS and tacheometric techniques. The measurements were made for four representative fields of study area. Data filtering was carried out using own algorithms based upon robust estimation of moving polynomial surface to scanning data. Depending on the terrain landscape and landcover DTM accuracy was evaluated from value 0.17 m to 0.46 m.

Geodesy widened one’s working in last years in view of technical progress (Internet, GPS, informatics). Earlier rural development reformed also into planning of municipal areas, country as well as transitory zones. Range of data what is indispensable to proper planning of space is presented in this paper. Essence of subject as well as connection of planning with LIS and GIS is presented. Division of data was executed for planning processes in view of their specification. Ranges and sources of data for spatial planning are presented. It was shew also as many information, in this also geodetic, has influence outo rational use of space.