This work presents a new approach to satellite image classification process. An artificial neural network has been applied to identification of urban areas mapped in satellite images. The results presented here are based on images obtained from the Landsat satellite using the Thematic Mapper scanner and a land cover map produced under the CORINE Program. The evaluation of the results has been conducted using a point-to-point comparison with a topographic map. The test areas include the metropolitan areas of Warsaw and Cracow.

Digital terrain models, witch describes terrain surface in form z=z(x,y) are given mainly as grid models. The data for these models could be captured from topographic maps in any digitising process. In this case the grid cell size is determined through the contour interval and geometric characteristic of the terrain. A method for the optimum grid cell size estimation, witch save a complete as well as non-redundant data capture is presented. The method is based on the stochastic terrain model. The terrain geometric characteristic within this model is the variance of terrain inclination, witch can be estimated using the measured length of contour lines at the different height levels. Results of the grid cell size estimation for several regions of Poland and hints for user are given.

The selection fragments of the cliff coast at Jarosławiec was photographed of UMK 10/1318 camera and Pentacon six TL non-metric camera. The photographs was measured on stecometer. Next the space coordinates was calculated. DTMs was generated from elaboration of the both type of photographs on the basis SURFER software package. The result of comparative analysis was presented on the form of Z-coordinate diffrences isoline maps and on the table. It was found that DTMs was similar, on the range m_h = ? 0.15 m, for 90% the determinate surface.

The work has interdisciplinary character. The geodesy-cartography-photogrammetry product (DTM) and the photogrammetry product (digital orthophoto) were used to determination of river valley hydraulic characteristic. DTM was used to direct description of geometry of water flow region on the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model RMA2 from the SMS software package – the mesh nodes of hydrodynamic model were imported from DTM. Also it was found that digital orthophoto was useful to determination of material types areas, with which roughness values were combined.

This work presents the idea of special formed fibre-optical targets used for survey points marking. Such signals have usually been situated at engineering objects which should be periodicaly measured. Under laboratory conditions the accuracy of the direction to the target marked by a fibre-glass was determined.

In this work test of quantitative and qualitative analyses of observation on GPS/GLONASS permanent station Wroclaw was introduced. Test of quantitative analysis of activity of station Wroclaw was prepared on the base of the reports generated by regional data centers operated in frame of EUREF project. Realization of qualitative analysis depended on influence of external conditions (meteo and height of ground water level) onto determined coordinates of antenna. Executed analyses in frames of quantitative opinion proved high, amount to suitably 92.9% and 95.9% of availability of hourly and daily data. From moved analyses it results, that it was been possible to receive GPS data on average by 97% of time, and full, 24-hourly observation data are available for 91% of all sessions. The analyze of influence of ground water level onto determined height of antenna, did not disclose essential dependence among this two conditions. Different external factor, meteorological conditions near antenna did not show influence onto marked coordinates. The opinion of activity of station “WROC” in frame of EUREF service (reports from European IGS data center) shows 77% reliability. Executed analyses proved high correctness in efficiency of collection of observation data, and efficiency in data distribution process for GPS/GLONASS permanent station Wroclaw.

In the paper the methods of improving the quality of the mass concentration points model have been proposed. The proposed methods are based on addition the lower-degree harmonic spherical polynomials and use of the special algorithm to fix a depth of the mass points positions. The model parameters are fixed by the use of quasigeoid (geoid) heights as well as a dense network of gravity points.

The work presents and explains six exchange methods of graphical code into sound code in the author’s method of sonic map plotting. The experiment has relied on the use of Polish borders draft copied from the geographical atlas by means of five line styles. Each method was described in accordance to its valour as well as its limits of use. The researches enable to determine both a necessary time to perform the sonic test in relation to graphical outline and to an accuracy of line registration within the sonic code.

This work presents the results of experimental researches on the influence caused by cold water effecting on the structure of laser ligt propagated in the water environment. Practical experiments have been executed by the use of measuring unit consisting of the geodetic laser instrument LFG-1, temperature sensor, optical set (roof prism, prismatic reflector and the CCD camera) and also a transparent vessel. For 2400 observations a functional relation and a corelation factor between the temperature increase inside the vessel and the greyness-degree of propagated laser beam’s forehead has been determined.

The article presents final results of determination of angular measurements’ accuracy in the aspect of the standardisation procedures ISO. The author has presented the methods of instruments’ testing which have been recently introduced world-wide. Referring to the results, some statistical analyses have been carried out. Furthermore, a few propositions of applications have been proposed.