In practice, the transformation parameters are determined without taking into consideration the weights of coordinates of common points. Such practice has encouraged the author to determine the effect of disregarding such weights in the calculation procedures on determining the transformation parameters and, further on, the results of coordinate transformations. The comparative calculations have been performed for two functional models for determining the transformation parameters, provided as conditions (6) and (12). The study has been based on a numerical example of coordinates transformation. The calculation variants have been provided for various assumptions as regards the mean square errors of coordinates , and consequently, the coordinate (pseudo-observation) weights. It has been found that the selection of the functional model does not affect the calculation results, when the matrixes of secondary coordinate weights in both models are identical, while the primary coordinate weights in separated sets of adjustment points satisfy the condition P_w=kP_W where: P_w – identical weights in w_i set of primary coordinates, P_W – weights of the same primary coordinates in the secondary set, k – proportionality factor, identical for all relations between the sets. Considerable variations in the calculation results between both models have become apparent when the above-mentioned weight relation between sets is not present, and the mean square errors of primary coordinates are greater than those of the secondary coordinates. In the opposite case, the effects of variation of mean square errors on the calculation results are very slight. The variety of weights in calculation variants in relation to variant 1, in which weights of all coordinates are identical, leads to considerable variations in the calculation results, both in the first and second functional model.

The problem of absolute gravity surveys on the whole area of the Krakow is discussed in the paper. There were two benchmarks grounded on the area of Krakow used for absolute surveys in the frame of KBN No. 5T12E03730 project “Uniform Gravimetric Reference Frame for Polish GNSS Stations and Geodynamic Test Fields”. The already existing point has not been involved in the discussed surveys because of the ground instability. The gravimetric surveys were conducted dozen km away in Seismic Observatory in Ojcow. New points in Krakow are located in the building of Astronomical Observatory of the Jagiellonian University in the Skala Fort and in Metrological Geodetic Laboratory of the Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering AGH University of Science and Technology. The point on the area of AGH is located nearby permanent GPS Kraw station which is involved to EPN network. The proceeding of the both points grounding and the method of determination their location is discussed in the paper. There are co-ordinate values presented in the paper as well. The first campaign of one day gravity determinations was carried on the both points in May 2007.

The paper presents analyses concerning the influence of length GPS observational session on heights differences appointment results with satellite leveling. In elaboration the eight-hour GPS observation, carried within several days, on three points of test networks were used. Carried analyses have exerted that the two-hour GPS session can be too short for points appointment with 1-2 cm accuracy.

Progressing development of geo-scientific technologies, electronics and telecommunication brings on constantly growing use of surveying integration in many engineering tasks. Various works carried out in the field of quantity surveying or deformation monitoring demand both a high accuracy and reliability at simultaneously relative short time of spatial data acquisition. Meeting such a principles becomes possible thanks to the technologies of integrated geodesy. The essence of integrated geodetic works is based on the use of many known-surveying techniques in order to determine the shape of an object as well as its other important parameters. Combining the above-mentioned technologies with proper analytical software and subsequent standardizing a spatial data is called “geomatics”. Its solutions based on many knowledge spheres neutralize the differences coming out from hitherto classification of geodesy. The author presents a concept of surveying and adjustment of spatial tacheometric traverses connected to control points (measured by using the GNSS methods) and to geoid model. After precise orientation of a single tacheometric station and connection the measurement to control points, it is possible to collect a spatial data by using tacheometric traverses. Furthermore, the author proposes to adjust such traverses by using both recurrent method and a polynomial approximation of plumb line deviations components. Processes like management, visualization and statistical inference of collected data are crucial in analytical monitoring systems, which have influence on people’s safety. Finally, the author points on some applications where such a system based on the presented principles could monitor a shape and conditions of engineering objects. Using the proposed algorithms in a measuring technology could enable to make precision surveying and its further analyzing in order to determine short-time changes taking place on the examined area.

Currently available model of the geoid on Poland’s territory enable to compute normal heights on the basic of accurate ellipsoidal heights, with an average accuracy of the ± 2 cm. Only some chosen parts of Poland have been verified to now. In this paper, a method of correcting of the model for a small region (about city Olsztyn) to sub-centimeter accuracy is given. Additional – but important product – effect of the method are accurate ellipsoidal heights of all the bench–marks located at the region of interest. However the corrected model of geoid is virtual, but it given correct results for the precise leveling network points. The limit of the methods is small size of the region where the model is suitable – in the exemple it is area of about 30 x 40 km.

The analysis of comparison of ground data gathering technology for Digital Terrain Model generation by means of precise RTK/OTF method with GPRS for corrections transmission and direct tacheometric measurement technology were presented in this article. There are many methods which allow to acquire geometric information. The most accurate and reliable are direct measurement methods. With respect to the rate of measument data obtaining and opportunity of their simple updating, methods of automatic registration, e.g. GPS measurements, shoud be take into consideration. Direct satellite RTK GPS method let for gathering a lot of measurement points in relatively short period of time, as well as in cheap, fast and safe way.