The paper provides a comparative analysis of three methods used to determine D_m diffusivity, which were tested for non-stationary desorption process and referred to various stages of its course. These are: the √t-type method – linked to the initial phase; the logarithmic procedure – for the advanced phase of the process, and the half-time method – referring to the point of time when 50% of mass has been exchanges. The article presents results of desorption process research carried out in the temperature of 20°C and encompassed three mortars characterized by the following water-cement ratios w/c = 0.50, 0.65 and 0.80. Samples of these mortars were conditioned for several months under air relative humidity φ= 97% until the time of reaching moisture equilibrium, and then they were placed in humidity conditions of φ≈ 0%. The values Dm(√t), D_m(ln), D_m(t_0.5), obtained through the analyzed desorption process (T = 20°C, φ= 97% → 0%), presented a good conformity of all the three tested methods in the case of all the mortars – from the fully identical results: D_m(t_0,5)/D_m(ln) = 1.00 with w/c = 0.80 to the most diversied ones: D_m(t_0,5)/D_m(√t) = 1.23 with w/c = 0.65.

In the paper presents calculations of rectangular tank under temperature of load in Finite difference method in variance formulate. Calculations fndings in above method compare with calculations knows from literature and polish norms. Results of greatest bending moments gives a descriptions are different than fnite difference method in fundamental way. Difference consist in lack allow for in calculations regular space work of construction like rectangular tank.

Results of research of the coeffcients of local resistance in not galvanized and galvanized knees and cast iron three-way-pipes were introduced in the article. Research, were carried out on the measuring stand built in the laboratory. Measurements were made for fttings about the angle of 90° inclination, produced by two producers, cast iron fttings. Research of the coeffcients of local resistance were carried out in beloveds randomly, three knees and three three-way-pipes. Determined coeffcients of local resistance of research, they compared with coeffcients of local resistance determined according to the applying PN-76-M-34034 norm.

The paper presents the scheme of modifed apparatus to test the local hydraulic gradient in soil-geotextile system according to ASTM D 5101. Based on the test results, gradient ratio in soil-nonwoven geotextile and gradient ratio in soil for internal unstable slightly clayey sands and nonwoven geotextile K-500 during fltration process under total hydraulic gradients i = 1–10 was carried out. The test results were analyzed for evaluation of using the nonwoven geotextile as a fltration layer according to clogging criteria, presented by Haliburton and Wood (1982).The analysis of tests ^’ results showed, that nonwoven geotextile could be flter for protected internal unstable soils with no more than 27% fnes contents.

The paper presents the results of laboratory analysis of permeability coeffcient tests carried out in the modied soil-geotextile permameter, recommended in ASTM standard D 5101-90. Laboratory tests were performed on nonwoven geotextile K-500 and clayey sand. The analysis of tests results indicates that in the design calculations for nonwoven geotextile used as flters not only permeability coeffcient of geotextile and soil, but also permeability coeffcient of soil-geotextile system should be determined. The change of the fnal permeability coeffcient of soil-geotextile system based on the initial values of the permeability of geotextile and soil as well as hydraulic gradient were proposed.

After two years of the football playing feld exploitation ground composite of the carrying layer and sand of the drainage layer was sampled in nine points of the rebuilt plate of the football playing feld. Basic physical properties of the material were determined. Basic upon constant laboratory determined water characteristics general easily, and hardly accessible water content as well as doses of spray irrigation for standard and comfortable satisfying of water demand of the playing feld sward were calculated. It was found that the carrying layer of 14 cm depth may peep, at on easily accessible water content of (comfortable water conditions) about 7.5 mm and generally accessible water (standard conditions) about 10,0 mm water. In dependence of the weather conditions and assumed water comfort every 3–4 days spray irrigation is required. Making use of the water reserve from the drainage layer of retention of about 3 mm the time lapse between irrigations may be prolonged by 1–2 days. Taking into consideration the playing feld surface for direct play the netto water amount used for one irrigation would be respectively 53.5 and 71.4 m³ at the dose 7.5 mm and 10 mm.

Buildings’ categories which can be solved in form partly or completely plunged into soil and their advantages with special considering of economical and ecological benefts have been discussed in this article. Special attention has been drawn to possibilities of obtaining of unconventional architectural forms which are environmentally friendly and will become part of a landscape. Later three basic types of buildings insulated wiith soil have been distinguished and their unique constrctional solutions have been characterized. This type of architecture has been analysed using chosen examples.

The article presents identifcation and analysis results of water conditions spatial structure for Raszynka catchment area which can be useful for land-use planning needs. Basic element of the study is to identify homogenous spatial units with various characteristics and various complexity level, called: tops, hydrotops, ekohydrotops and sub-catchment areas. Each unit, according to identifcation criteria and aggregation level, differently influence a small water cycle. In Raszynka catchment area (up to Dawidy profle), high variety of homogeneous spatial units of water regime was identifed. They have mainly structure of patches and bands parallel to the river valley which testifes very complex and variable water conditions in the catchment.

Idea of sustainable development, basis of ecological network Natura 2000 or general spatial policy for various territorial levels assume environmental protection of larger and larger part of our country. Existing environmental protected areas and the newly established ones have to deal with many problems related to spatial management. The article presents legal dependence between particular spatial studies prepared for a municipality and for a national park as well as characteristics of the municipalities located within area of national parks in terms of solving social-economical and environmental protection conflicts.

In the paper is shown a comparison of measurement and calculation results of bedload rate, which ware transported during two flood events (indicated as wave I and II) observed in the Zagożdżonka River. The bedload measurement station, which is provided with bedload trap and instruments for continuous measuring and data recording, is located upstream of Czarna gauge station on research catchment area of Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering and Environmental Recultivation WAU. In calculation of bedload rate were used formulas of Bagnold’s (3) and author’s (11). By comparison of total measured mass of sediment transport (M_r) with calculated ones: by formula (3) –M_r(B), and by (11) –M_r(A), was found that for wave I obtained M_r(B) = 0,83M_r and M_r(A) = 0,86M_r. For wave II the results of calculation were as follows: M_r(B) = 1,22Mr and Mr(A) = 0,46M_r.

Paper presented results of investigation of formation local scour on the model of dam. Investigations were conducted on model with over&#-1278;ow under closure, bottom of water basins and washing-out area in scale 1:55. Hydraulic parameters according to Froude’a criterion were modeling. As eroded material on model sorted sand was used with d₅₀= 1,1 mm. Purpose of investigation were recognition variability dimension of scour during of discharge for different flow condition. Investigations showed influence depth of down stream on depth of scour, influence intensity of turbulence of stream on eroded process.